use std::{
    collections::{hash_map::Entry, HashMap, VecDeque},
    mem,
};

use log::debug;

use super::{coincident_tokens::CoincidentTokenIndex, token_conflicts::TokenConflictMap};
use crate::{
    dedup::split_state_id_groups,
    grammars::{LexicalGrammar, SyntaxGrammar},
    nfa::{CharacterSet, NfaCursor},
    rules::{Symbol, TokenSet},
    tables::{AdvanceAction, LexState, LexTable, ParseStateId, ParseTable},
};

pub const LARGE_CHARACTER_RANGE_COUNT: usize = 8;

pub struct LexTables {
    pub main_lex_table: LexTable,
    pub keyword_lex_table: LexTable,
    pub large_character_sets: Vec<(Option<Symbol>, CharacterSet)>,
}

pub fn build_lex_table(
    parse_table: &mut ParseTable,
    syntax_grammar: &SyntaxGrammar,
    lexical_grammar: &LexicalGrammar,
    keywords: &TokenSet,
    coincident_token_index: &CoincidentTokenIndex,
    token_conflict_map: &TokenConflictMap,
) -> LexTables {
    let keyword_lex_table = if syntax_grammar.word_token.is_some() {
        let mut builder = LexTableBuilder::new(lexical_grammar);
        builder.add_state_for_tokens(keywords);
        builder.table
    } else {
        LexTable::default()
    };

    let mut parse_state_ids_by_token_set = Vec::<(TokenSet, Vec<ParseStateId>)>::new();
    for (i, state) in parse_table.states.iter().enumerate() {
        let tokens = state
            .terminal_entries
            .keys()
            .copied()
            .chain(state.reserved_words.iter())
            .filter_map(|token| {
                if token.is_terminal() {
                    if keywords.contains(&token) {
                        syntax_grammar.word_token
                    } else {
                        Some(token)
                    }
                } else if token.is_eof() {
                    Some(token)
                } else {
                    None
                }
            })
            .collect();

        let mut did_merge = false;
        for entry in &mut parse_state_ids_by_token_set {
            if merge_token_set(
                &mut entry.0,
                &tokens,
                lexical_grammar,
                token_conflict_map,
                coincident_token_index,
            ) {
                did_merge = true;
                entry.1.push(i);
                break;
            }
        }

        if !did_merge {
            parse_state_ids_by_token_set.push((tokens, vec![i]));
        }
    }

    let mut builder = LexTableBuilder::new(lexical_grammar);
    for (tokens, parse_state_ids) in parse_state_ids_by_token_set {
        let lex_state_id = builder.add_state_for_tokens(&tokens);
        for id in parse_state_ids {
            parse_table.states[id].lex_state_id = lex_state_id;
        }
    }

    let mut main_lex_table = mem::take(&mut builder.table);
    minimize_lex_table(&mut main_lex_table, parse_table);
    sort_states(&mut main_lex_table, parse_table);

    let mut large_character_sets = Vec::new();
    for (variable_ix, _variable) in lexical_grammar.variables.iter().enumerate() {
        let symbol = Symbol::terminal(variable_ix);
        builder.reset();
        builder.add_state_for_tokens(&TokenSet::from_iter([symbol]));
        for state in &builder.table.states {
            let mut characters = CharacterSet::empty();
            for (chars, action) in &state.advance_actions {
                if action.in_main_token {
                    characters = characters.add(chars);
                    continue;
                }

                if chars.range_count() > LARGE_CHARACTER_RANGE_COUNT
                    && !large_character_sets.iter().any(|(_, set)| set == chars)
                {
                    large_character_sets.push((None, chars.clone()));
                }
            }

            if characters.range_count() > LARGE_CHARACTER_RANGE_COUNT
                && !large_character_sets
                    .iter()
                    .any(|(_, set)| *set == characters)
            {
                large_character_sets.push((Some(symbol), characters));
            }
        }
    }

    LexTables {
        main_lex_table,
        keyword_lex_table,
        large_character_sets,
    }
}

struct QueueEntry {
    state_id: usize,
    nfa_states: Vec<u32>,
    eof_valid: bool,
}

struct LexTableBuilder<'a> {
    lexical_grammar: &'a LexicalGrammar,
    cursor: NfaCursor<'a>,
    table: LexTable,
    state_queue: VecDeque<QueueEntry>,
    state_ids_by_nfa_state_set: HashMap<(Vec<u32>, bool), usize>,
}

impl<'a> LexTableBuilder<'a> {
    fn new(lexical_grammar: &'a LexicalGrammar) -> Self {
        Self {
            lexical_grammar,
            cursor: NfaCursor::new(&lexical_grammar.nfa, vec![]),
            table: LexTable::default(),
            state_queue: VecDeque::new(),
            state_ids_by_nfa_state_set: HashMap::new(),
        }
    }

    fn reset(&mut self) {
        self.table = LexTable::default();
        self.state_queue.clear();
        self.state_ids_by_nfa_state_set.clear();
    }

    fn add_state_for_tokens(&mut self, tokens: &TokenSet) -> usize {
        let mut eof_valid = false;
        let nfa_states = tokens
            .iter()
            .filter_map(|token| {
                if token.is_terminal() {
                    Some(self.lexical_grammar.variables[token.index].start_state)
                } else {
                    eof_valid = true;
                    None
                }
            })
            .collect();
        let (state_id, is_new) = self.add_state(nfa_states, eof_valid);

        if is_new {
            debug!(
                "entry point state: {state_id}, tokens: {:?}",
                tokens
                    .iter()
                    .map(|t| &self.lexical_grammar.variables[t.index].name)
                    .collect::<Vec<_>>()
            );
        }

        while let Some(QueueEntry {
            state_id,
            nfa_states,
            eof_valid,
        }) = self.state_queue.pop_front()
        {
            self.populate_state(state_id, nfa_states, eof_valid);
        }
        state_id
    }

    fn add_state(&mut self, nfa_states: Vec<u32>, eof_valid: bool) -> (usize, bool) {
        self.cursor.reset(nfa_states);
        match self
            .state_ids_by_nfa_state_set
            .entry((self.cursor.state_ids.clone(), eof_valid))
        {
            Entry::Occupied(o) => (*o.get(), false),
            Entry::Vacant(v) => {
                let state_id = self.table.states.len();
                self.table.states.push(LexState::default());
                self.state_queue.push_back(QueueEntry {
                    state_id,
                    nfa_states: v.key().0.clone(),
                    eof_valid,
                });
                v.insert(state_id);
                (state_id, true)
            }
        }
    }

    fn populate_state(&mut self, state_id: usize, nfa_states: Vec<u32>, eof_valid: bool) {
        self.cursor.force_reset(nfa_states);

        // The EOF state is represented as an empty list of NFA states.
        let mut completion = None;
        for (id, prec) in self.cursor.completions() {
            if let Some((prev_id, prev_precedence)) = completion {
                if TokenConflictMap::prefer_token(
                    self.lexical_grammar,
                    (prev_precedence, prev_id),
                    (prec, id),
                ) {
                    continue;
                }
            }
            completion = Some((id, prec));
        }

        let transitions = self.cursor.transitions();
        let has_sep = self.cursor.transition_chars().any(|(_, sep)| sep);

        // If EOF is a valid lookahead token, add a transition predicated on the null
        // character that leads to the empty set of NFA states.
        if eof_valid {
            let (next_state_id, _) = self.add_state(Vec::new(), false);
            self.table.states[state_id].eof_action = Some(AdvanceAction {
                state: next_state_id,
                in_main_token: true,
            });
        }

        for transition in transitions {
            if let Some((completed_id, completed_precedence)) = completion {
                if !TokenConflictMap::prefer_transition(
                    self.lexical_grammar,
                    &transition,
                    completed_id,
                    completed_precedence,
                    has_sep,
                ) {
                    continue;
                }
            }

            let (next_state_id, _) =
                self.add_state(transition.states, eof_valid && transition.is_separator);
            self.table.states[state_id].advance_actions.push((
                transition.characters,
                AdvanceAction {
                    state: next_state_id,
                    in_main_token: !transition.is_separator,
                },
            ));
        }

        if let Some((complete_id, _)) = completion {
            self.table.states[state_id].accept_action = Some(Symbol::terminal(complete_id));
        } else if self.cursor.state_ids.is_empty() {
            self.table.states[state_id].accept_action = Some(Symbol::end());
        }
    }
}

fn merge_token_set(
    tokens: &mut TokenSet,
    other: &TokenSet,
    lexical_grammar: &LexicalGrammar,
    token_conflict_map: &TokenConflictMap,
    coincident_token_index: &CoincidentTokenIndex,
) -> bool {
    for i in 0..lexical_grammar.variables.len() {
        let symbol = Symbol::terminal(i);
        let set_without_terminal = match (tokens.contains_terminal(i), other.contains_terminal(i)) {
            (true, false) => other,
            (false, true) => tokens,
            _ => continue,
        };

        for existing_token in set_without_terminal.terminals() {
            if token_conflict_map.does_conflict(i, existing_token.index)
                || token_conflict_map.does_match_prefix(i, existing_token.index)
            {
                return false;
            }
            if !coincident_token_index.contains(symbol, existing_token)
                && (token_conflict_map.does_overlap(existing_token.index, i)
                    || token_conflict_map.does_overlap(i, existing_token.index))
            {
                return false;
            }
        }
    }

    tokens.insert_all(other);
    true
}

fn minimize_lex_table(table: &mut LexTable, parse_table: &mut ParseTable) {
    // Initially group the states by their accept action and their
    // valid lookahead characters.
    let mut state_ids_by_signature = HashMap::new();
    for (i, state) in table.states.iter().enumerate() {
        let signature = (
            i == 0,
            state.accept_action,
            state.eof_action.is_some(),
            state
                .advance_actions
                .iter()
                .map(|(characters, action)| (characters.clone(), action.in_main_token))
                .collect::<Vec<_>>(),
        );
        state_ids_by_signature
            .entry(signature)
            .or_insert(Vec::new())
            .push(i);
    }
    let mut state_ids_by_group_id = state_ids_by_signature
        .into_iter()
        .map(|e| e.1)
        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
    state_ids_by_group_id.sort();
    let error_group_index = state_ids_by_group_id
        .iter()
        .position(|g| g.contains(&0))
        .unwrap();
    state_ids_by_group_id.swap(error_group_index, 0);

    let mut group_ids_by_state_id = vec![0; table.states.len()];
    for (group_id, state_ids) in state_ids_by_group_id.iter().enumerate() {
        for state_id in state_ids {
            group_ids_by_state_id[*state_id] = group_id;
        }
    }

    while split_state_id_groups(
        &table.states,
        &mut state_ids_by_group_id,
        &mut group_ids_by_state_id,
        1,
        lex_states_differ,
    ) {}

    let mut new_states = Vec::with_capacity(state_ids_by_group_id.len());
    for state_ids in &state_ids_by_group_id {
        let mut new_state = LexState::default();
        mem::swap(&mut new_state, &mut table.states[state_ids[0]]);

        for (_, advance_action) in &mut new_state.advance_actions {
            advance_action.state = group_ids_by_state_id[advance_action.state];
        }
        if let Some(eof_action) = &mut new_state.eof_action {
            eof_action.state = group_ids_by_state_id[eof_action.state];
        }
        new_states.push(new_state);
    }

    for state in &mut parse_table.states {
        state.lex_state_id = group_ids_by_state_id[state.lex_state_id];
    }

    table.states = new_states;
}

fn lex_states_differ(left: &LexState, right: &LexState, group_ids_by_state_id: &[usize]) -> bool {
    left.advance_actions
        .iter()
        .zip(right.advance_actions.iter())
        .any(|(left, right)| {
            group_ids_by_state_id[left.1.state] != group_ids_by_state_id[right.1.state]
        })
}

fn sort_states(table: &mut LexTable, parse_table: &mut ParseTable) {
    // Get a mapping of old state index -> new_state_index
    let mut old_ids_by_new_id = (0..table.states.len()).collect::<Vec<_>>();
    old_ids_by_new_id[1..].sort_by_key(|id| &table.states[*id]);

    // Get the inverse mapping
    let mut new_ids_by_old_id = vec![0; old_ids_by_new_id.len()];
    for (id, old_id) in old_ids_by_new_id.iter().enumerate() {
        new_ids_by_old_id[*old_id] = id;
    }

    // Reorder the parse states and update their references to reflect
    // the new ordering.
    table.states = old_ids_by_new_id
        .iter()
        .map(|old_id| {
            let mut state = LexState::default();
            mem::swap(&mut state, &mut table.states[*old_id]);
            for (_, advance_action) in &mut state.advance_actions {
                advance_action.state = new_ids_by_old_id[advance_action.state];
            }
            if let Some(eof_action) = &mut state.eof_action {
                eof_action.state = new_ids_by_old_id[eof_action.state];
            }
            state
        })
        .collect();

    // Update the parse table's lex state references
    for state in &mut parse_table.states {
        state.lex_state_id = new_ids_by_old_id[state.lex_state_id];
    }
}
