/*========================== begin_copyright_notice ============================

Copyright (C) 2017-2026 Intel Corporation

SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

============================= end_copyright_notice ===========================*/

#include "Compiler/CodeGenPublic.h"
#include "Compiler/CISACodeGen/helper.h"
#include "Compiler/CISACodeGen/CISACodeGen.h"
#include "Compiler/CISACodeGen/OpenCLKernelCodeGen.hpp"
#include "Compiler/Optimizer/OpenCLPasses/KernelArgs/KernelArgs.hpp"
#include "common/LLVMWarningsPush.hpp"
#include "llvm/Config/llvm-config.h"
#include "llvmWrapper/IR/DerivedTypes.h"
#include "llvmWrapper/IR/Instructions.h"
#include "llvmWrapper/IR/Intrinsics.h"
#include "llvmWrapper/Support/Alignment.h"
#include "llvm/IR/GetElementPtrTypeIterator.h"
#include <llvm/IR/InstIterator.h>
#include <llvm/Support/KnownBits.h>
#include <llvm/Transforms/Utils/Local.h>
#include "llvm/Analysis/ValueTracking.h"
#include "common/LLVMWarningsPop.hpp"
#include "GenISAIntrinsics/GenIntrinsicInst.h"
#include "Compiler/CISACodeGen/ShaderCodeGen.hpp"
#include "common/secure_mem.h"
#include "Probe/Assertion.h"
#include "helper.h"

using namespace llvm;
using namespace GenISAIntrinsic;

/************************************************************************
This file contains helper functions for the code generator
Many functions use X-MACRO, that allow us to separate data about encoding
to the logic of the helper functions

************************************************************************/

namespace IGC {
bool isDummyBasicBlock(llvm::BasicBlock *BB) {
  if (BB->size() != 1)
    return false;
  if ((++pred_begin(BB)) != pred_end(BB))
    return false;
  if ((++succ_begin(BB)) != succ_end(BB))
    return false;
  return true;
}

bool UsesTypedConstantBuffer(const CodeGenContext *pContext, const BufferType bufType) {
  if (!IsUntypedBuffer(bufType) || IsWritableBuffer(bufType)) {
    return false;
  }

  if (pContext->m_DriverInfo.ForceUntypedBindlessConstantBuffers() && bufType == BINDLESS_CONSTANT_BUFFER) {
    return false;
  }

  if (pContext->m_DriverInfo.UsesTypedConstantBuffers3D() && pContext->type != ShaderType::COMPUTE_SHADER) {
    return true;
  }
  if (pContext->m_DriverInfo.UsesTypedConstantBuffersGPGPU() && pContext->type == ShaderType::COMPUTE_SHADER) {
    return true;
  }
  return false;
}

///
/// returns the number of exit blocks iin the given function.
///
unsigned getNumberOfExitBlocks(llvm::Function &function) {
  unsigned numberOfExitBlocks = 0;

  for (llvm::BasicBlock &block : function) {
    llvm::Instruction *terminator = block.getTerminator();

    if (llvm::isa_and_nonnull<ReturnInst>(terminator)) {
      ++numberOfExitBlocks;
    }
  }

  return numberOfExitBlocks;
}

///
/// returns constant buffer load offset
///
int getConstantBufferLoadOffset(llvm::LoadInst *ld) {
  int offset = 0;
  Value *ptr = ld->getPointerOperand();
  if (isa<ConstantPointerNull>(ptr)) {
    offset = 0;
  } else if (IntToPtrInst *itop = dyn_cast<IntToPtrInst>(ptr)) {
    ConstantInt *ci = dyn_cast<ConstantInt>(itop->getOperand(0));
    if (ci) {
      offset = int_cast<unsigned>(ci->getZExtValue());
    }
  } else if (ConstantExpr *itop = dyn_cast<ConstantExpr>(ptr)) {
    if (itop->getOpcode() == Instruction::IntToPtr) {
      offset = int_cast<unsigned>(cast<ConstantInt>(itop->getOperand(0))->getZExtValue());
    }
  }
  return offset;
}

bool isNaNCheck(llvm::FCmpInst &FC) {
  Value *Op1 = FC.getOperand(1);
  if (FC.getPredicate() == CmpInst::FCMP_UNO) {
    auto CFP = dyn_cast<ConstantFP>(Op1);
    return CFP && CFP->isZero();
  } else if (FC.getPredicate() == CmpInst::FCMP_UNE) {
    Value *Op0 = FC.getOperand(0);
    return Op0 == Op1;
  }
  return false;
}

llvm::LoadInst *cloneLoad(llvm::LoadInst *Orig, llvm::Type *Ty, llvm::Value *Ptr) {
  llvm::LoadInst *LI = new llvm::LoadInst(Ty, Ptr, "", false, Orig);
  LI->setVolatile(Orig->isVolatile());
  LI->setAlignment(IGCLLVM::getAlign(*Orig));
  if (LI->isAtomic()) {
    LI->setAtomic(Orig->getOrdering(), Orig->getSyncScopeID());
  }
  // Clone metadata
  llvm::SmallVector<std::pair<unsigned, llvm::MDNode *>, 4> MDs;
  Orig->getAllMetadata(MDs);
  for (llvm::SmallVectorImpl<std::pair<unsigned, llvm::MDNode *>>::iterator MI = MDs.begin(), ME = MDs.end(); MI != ME;
       ++MI) {
    LI->setMetadata(MI->first, MI->second);
  }
  return LI;
}

llvm::StoreInst *cloneStore(llvm::StoreInst *Orig, llvm::Value *Val, llvm::Value *Ptr) {
  llvm::StoreInst *SI = new llvm::StoreInst(Val, Ptr, Orig);
  SI->setVolatile(Orig->isVolatile());
  SI->setAlignment(IGCLLVM::getAlign(*Orig));
  if (SI->isAtomic()) {
    SI->setAtomic(Orig->getOrdering(), Orig->getSyncScopeID());
  }
  // Clone metadata
  llvm::SmallVector<std::pair<unsigned, llvm::MDNode *>, 4> MDs;
  Orig->getAllMetadata(MDs);
  for (llvm::SmallVectorImpl<std::pair<unsigned, llvm::MDNode *>>::iterator MI = MDs.begin(), ME = MDs.end(); MI != ME;
       ++MI) {
    SI->setMetadata(MI->first, MI->second);
  }
  return SI;
}

// Create a ldraw from a load instruction
LdRawIntrinsic *CreateLoadRawIntrinsic(LoadInst *inst, Value *bufPtr, Value *offsetVal) {
  Type *tys[] = {inst->getType(), bufPtr->getType()};

  auto *M = inst->getModule();
  auto &DL = M->getDataLayout();
  Function *func =
      GenISAIntrinsic::getDeclaration(M,
                                      inst->getType()->isVectorTy() ? GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_ldrawvector_indexed
                                                                    : GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_ldraw_indexed,
                                      tys);

  auto alignment = IGCLLVM::getAlignmentValue(inst);
  if (alignment == 0)
    alignment = DL.getABITypeAlign(inst->getType()).value();

  IRBuilder<> builder(inst);

  Value *attr[] = {
      bufPtr, offsetVal, builder.getInt32((unsigned)alignment),
      builder.getInt1(inst->isVolatile()) // volatile
  };
  auto *ld = builder.CreateCall(func, attr);
  IGC_ASSERT(ld->getType() == inst->getType());
  return cast<LdRawIntrinsic>(ld);
}

// Creates a storeraw from a store instruction
StoreRawIntrinsic *CreateStoreRawIntrinsic(StoreInst *inst, Value *bufPtr, Value *offsetVal) {
  Module *module = inst->getModule();
  Function *func = nullptr;
  Value *storeVal = inst->getValueOperand();
  auto &DL = module->getDataLayout();
  if (storeVal->getType()->isVectorTy()) {
    Type *tys[] = {bufPtr->getType(), storeVal->getType()};
    func = GenISAIntrinsic::getDeclaration(module, llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_storerawvector_indexed, tys);
  } else {
    Type *dataType = storeVal->getType();
    const uint64_t typeSize = DL.getTypeSizeInBits(dataType);
    IGC_ASSERT(typeSize == 8 || typeSize == 16 || typeSize == 32 || typeSize == 64);

    Type *types[] = {bufPtr->getType(), storeVal->getType()};

    func = GenISAIntrinsic::getDeclaration(module, llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_storeraw_indexed, types);
  }
  IRBuilder<> builder(inst);
  auto alignment = IGCLLVM::getAlignmentValue(inst);
  if (alignment == 0)
    alignment = DL.getABITypeAlign(storeVal->getType()).value();
  Value *attr[] = {
      bufPtr, offsetVal, storeVal, builder.getInt32((unsigned)alignment),
      builder.getInt1(inst->isVolatile()) // volatile
  };
  auto *st = builder.CreateCall(func, attr);
  return cast<StoreRawIntrinsic>(st);
}

///
/// Tries to trace a resource pointer (texture/sampler/buffer) back to
/// the pointer source. Also returns a vector of all instructions in the search path
///
Value *TracePointerSource(Value *resourcePtr, bool hasBranching, bool enablePhiLoops, bool fillList,
                          std::vector<Value *> &instList, llvm::SmallSet<PHINode *, 8> &visitedPHIs) {
  Value *srcPtr = nullptr;
  Value *baseValue = resourcePtr;

  // Returns true if resource pointers describe the same resource.
  auto ResourcePointersEq = [](Value *a, Value *b) {
    if (a == b) {
      return true;
    }
    if (a->getType()->isPointerTy() && b->getType()->isPointerTy()) {
      unsigned idxA = 0, idxB = 0;
      BufferType bufA, bufB;
      BufferAccessType accessA, accessB;
      bool needBufferOffsetA = false, needBufferOffsetB = false;

      if (GetResourcePointerInfo(a, idxA, bufA, accessA, needBufferOffsetA) &&
          GetResourcePointerInfo(b, idxB, bufB, accessB, needBufferOffsetB) && idxA == idxB && accessA == accessB &&
          needBufferOffsetA == needBufferOffsetB) {
        return true;
      }
    }
    return false;
  };

  while (true) {
    if (fillList) {
      instList.push_back(baseValue);
    }

    if (GenIntrinsicInst *inst = dyn_cast<GenIntrinsicInst>(baseValue)) {
      // For bindless pointers
      if ((inst->getIntrinsicID() == GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_RuntimeValue) ||
          (inst->getIntrinsicID() == GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_GlobalRootSignatureValue) ||
          (inst->getIntrinsicID() == GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_GetBufferPtr)) {
        srcPtr = baseValue;
      }
      break;
    } else if (isa<Argument>(baseValue)) {
      // For compute, resource comes from the kernel args
      srcPtr = baseValue;
      break;
    } else if (isa<GlobalVariable>(baseValue)) {
      // Can be an inline sampler/constant buffer
      srcPtr = baseValue;
      break;
    } else if (auto allocaInst = dyn_cast<AllocaInst>(baseValue)) {
      if (allocaInst->getMetadata("igc.read_only_array")) {
        // Found alloca marked as read_only array.
        srcPtr = baseValue;
      }
      break;
    } else if (CastInst *inst = dyn_cast<CastInst>(baseValue)) {
      baseValue = inst->getOperand(0);
    } else if (GetElementPtrInst *inst = dyn_cast<GetElementPtrInst>(baseValue)) {
      baseValue = inst->getOperand(0);
    } else if (BinaryOperator *inst = dyn_cast<BinaryOperator>(baseValue)) {
      // Assume this is pointer arithmetic, which allows add/sub only.
      // Follow the first operand assuming it's pointer base.
      // Do not check the operand is pointer type now, leave the check
      // until the leaf instruction is found.
      Instruction::BinaryOps Opcode = inst->getOpcode();
      if (Opcode == Instruction::Add || Opcode == Instruction::Sub) {
        baseValue = inst->getOperand(0);
      } else
        break;
    } else if (PHINode *inst = dyn_cast<PHINode>(baseValue)) {
      if (visitedPHIs.count(inst) != 0) {
        // stop if we've seen this phi node before
        return baseValue;
      }
      visitedPHIs.insert(inst);

      for (unsigned int i = 0; i < inst->getNumIncomingValues(); ++i) {
        // All phi paths must be trace-able and trace back to the same source
        Value *phiVal = inst->getIncomingValue(i);
        std::vector<Value *> splitList;
        Value *phiSrcPtr = TracePointerSource(phiVal, true, enablePhiLoops, fillList, splitList, visitedPHIs);
        if (phiSrcPtr == nullptr) {
          // Incoming value not trace-able, bail out.
          return nullptr;
        } else if (isa<PHINode>(phiSrcPtr) && phiSrcPtr == baseValue) {
          // Found a loop in one of the phi paths. We can still trace as long as all the other paths match
          if (enablePhiLoops)
            continue;
          else
            return nullptr;
        } else if (srcPtr == nullptr) {
          // Found a path to the source pointer. We only save the instructions used in this path
          srcPtr = phiSrcPtr;
          instList.insert(instList.end(), splitList.begin(), splitList.end());
        } else if (!ResourcePointersEq(srcPtr, phiSrcPtr)) {
          // The source pointers have diverged. Bail out.
          return nullptr;
        }
      }
      break;
    } else if (SelectInst *inst = dyn_cast<SelectInst>(baseValue)) {
      if (hasBranching) {
        // only allow a single branching instruction to be supported for now
        // if both select and PHI are present, or there are multiples of each, we bail
        break;
      }
      // Trace both operands of the select instruction. Both have to be traced back to the same
      // source pointer, otherwise we can't determine which one to use.
      Value *selectSrc0 =
          TracePointerSource(inst->getOperand(1), true, enablePhiLoops, fillList, instList, visitedPHIs);
      Value *selectSrc1 = TracePointerSource(inst->getOperand(2), true, enablePhiLoops, false, instList, visitedPHIs);
      if (selectSrc0 && selectSrc1 && ResourcePointersEq(selectSrc0, selectSrc1)) {
        srcPtr = selectSrc0;
        break;
      }
      return nullptr;
    } else if (LoadInst *inst = dyn_cast<LoadInst>(baseValue)) {
      if (inst->getPointerAddressSpace() == 0) {
        // May be local array of resources:
        baseValue = inst->getPointerOperand();
      } else {
        break;
      }
    } else {
      // Unsupported instruction in search chain. Don't continue.
      break;
    }
  }
  return srcPtr;
}

///
/// Only trace the GetBufferPtr instruction (ignore GetElementPtr)
///
Value *TracePointerSource(Value *resourcePtr) {
  std::vector<Value *> tempList; // unused
  llvm::SmallSet<PHINode *, 8> visitedPHIs;
  return TracePointerSource(resourcePtr, false, true, false, tempList, visitedPHIs);
}

Value *TracePointerSource(Value *resourcePtr, bool hasBranching, bool enablePhiLoops, bool fillList,
                          std::vector<Value *> &instList) {
  llvm::SmallSet<PHINode *, 8> visitedPHIs;
  return TracePointerSource(resourcePtr, hasBranching, enablePhiLoops, fillList, instList, visitedPHIs);
}

BufferAccessType getDefaultAccessType(BufferType bufTy) {
  static_assert(BufferType::BUFFER_TYPE_UNKNOWN == 19, "Please also update switch() below");
  switch (bufTy) {
  case BufferType::CONSTANT_BUFFER:
  case BufferType::RESOURCE:
  case BufferType::BINDLESS_TEXTURE:
  case BufferType::BINDLESS_CONSTANT_BUFFER:
  case BufferType::BINDLESS_READONLY:
  case BufferType::STATELESS_READONLY:
  case BufferType::SAMPLER:
  case BufferType::BINDLESS_SAMPLER:
  case BufferType::SSH_BINDLESS_CONSTANT_BUFFER:
  case BufferType::SSH_BINDLESS_TEXTURE:
    return BufferAccessType::ACCESS_READ;

  case BufferType::UAV:
  case BufferType::SLM:
  case BufferType::POINTER:
  case BufferType::BINDLESS:
  case BufferType::SSH_BINDLESS:
  case BufferType::STATELESS:
  case BufferType::STATELESS_A32:
    return BufferAccessType::ACCESS_READWRITE;

  case BufferType::BINDLESS_WRITEONLY:
  case BufferType::RENDER_TARGET:
    return BufferAccessType::ACCESS_WRITE;
  default:
    IGC_ASSERT_MESSAGE(0, "Invalid buffer type");
    return BufferAccessType::ACCESS_READWRITE;
  }
}

bool GetResourcePointerInfo(Value *srcPtr, unsigned &resID, IGC::BufferType &resTy, BufferAccessType &accessTy,
                            bool &needBufferOffset) {
  accessTy = BufferAccessType::ACCESS_READWRITE;
  needBufferOffset = false;
  if (GenIntrinsicInst *inst = dyn_cast<GenIntrinsicInst>(srcPtr)) {
    // For bindless pointers with encoded metadata
    if (inst->getIntrinsicID() == GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_RuntimeValue) {
      if (inst->hasOperandBundles()) {
        auto resIDBundle = inst->getOperandBundle("resID");
        auto resTyBundle = inst->getOperandBundle("resTy");
        auto accessTyBundle = inst->getOperandBundle("accessTy");
        auto needBufferOffsetBundle = inst->getOperandBundle("needBufferOffset");
        if (resIDBundle && resTyBundle) {
          resID = (unsigned)(cast<ConstantInt>(resIDBundle->Inputs.front()))->getZExtValue();
          resTy = (BufferType)(cast<ConstantInt>(resTyBundle->Inputs.front()))->getZExtValue();

          if (accessTyBundle)
            accessTy = (BufferAccessType)(cast<ConstantInt>(accessTyBundle->Inputs.front()))->getZExtValue();
          else
            accessTy = getDefaultAccessType(resTy);

          if (needBufferOffsetBundle)
            needBufferOffset = (bool)(cast<ConstantInt>(needBufferOffsetBundle->Inputs.front()))->getZExtValue();

          return true;
        }
      }
    }
    // For GetBufferPtr instructions with buffer info in the operands
    else if (inst->getIntrinsicID() == GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_GetBufferPtr) {
      Value *bufIdV = inst->getOperand(0);
      Value *bufTyV = inst->getOperand(1);
      if (isa<ConstantInt>(bufIdV) && isa<ConstantInt>(bufTyV)) {
        resID = (unsigned)(cast<ConstantInt>(bufIdV)->getZExtValue());
        resTy = (IGC::BufferType)(cast<ConstantInt>(bufTyV)->getZExtValue());
        accessTy = getDefaultAccessType(resTy);
        return true;
      }
    }
  }
  return false;
}

// Get GRF offset from GenISA_RuntimeValue intrinsic call
bool GetGRFOffsetFromRTV(Value *pointerSrc, unsigned &GRFOffset) {
  if (!pointerSrc)
    return false;

  if (GenIntrinsicInst *inst = dyn_cast<GenIntrinsicInst>(pointerSrc)) {
    // For bindless pointers with encoded metadata
    if (inst->getIntrinsicID() == GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_RuntimeValue) {
      GRFOffset = (unsigned)llvm::cast<llvm::ConstantInt>(inst->getOperand(0))->getZExtValue();
      return true;
    }
  }
  return false;
}

bool GetGRFOffsetFromGlobalRootSignatureValue(Value *pointerSrc, unsigned &GRFOffset) {
  if (auto *inst = dyn_cast<GenIntrinsicInst>(pointerSrc)) {
    if (inst->getIntrinsicID() == GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_GlobalRootSignatureValue) {
      GRFOffset = (unsigned)cast<ConstantInt>(inst->getOperand(0))->getZExtValue();
      bool isConstant = cast<ConstantInt>(inst->getOperand(1))->getZExtValue();
      return isConstant;
    }
  }
  return false;
}

bool GetStatelessBufferInfo(Value *src, unsigned &bufIdOrGRFOffset, BufferType &bufferTy, Value *&bufferSrcPtr,
                            bool &isDirectBuf) {
  isDirectBuf = false;
  BufferAccessType accType;
  bool needBufferOffset; // Unused
  if (!src)
    return false;
  if (IGC::GetResourcePointerInfo(src, bufIdOrGRFOffset, bufferTy, accType, needBufferOffset)) {
    bufferSrcPtr = src;
    isDirectBuf = true;
    return true;
  } else if (GetGRFOffsetFromRTV(src, bufIdOrGRFOffset)) {
    bufferSrcPtr = src;
    bufferTy = BUFFER_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
    return true;
  } else if (GetGRFOffsetFromGlobalRootSignatureValue(src, bufIdOrGRFOffset)) {
    bufferSrcPtr = src;
    bufferTy = CONSTANT_BUFFER;
    isDirectBuf = true;
    return true;
  }

  return false;
}

bool EvalConstantAddress(Value *address, unsigned int &offset, const llvm::DataLayout *pDL, Value *ptrSrc) {

  if ((ptrSrc == nullptr && isa<ConstantPointerNull>(address)) || (ptrSrc == address)) {
    offset = 0;
    return true;
  } else if (ConstantInt *eltIdx = dyn_cast<ConstantInt>(address)) {
    offset = int_cast<int>(eltIdx->getZExtValue());
    return true;
  } else if (ConstantExpr *ptrExpr = dyn_cast<ConstantExpr>(address)) {
    if (ptrExpr->getOpcode() == Instruction::IntToPtr) {
      Value *eltIdxVal = ptrExpr->getOperand(0);
      ConstantInt *eltIdx = dyn_cast<ConstantInt>(eltIdxVal);
      if (!eltIdx)
        return false;
      offset = int_cast<int>(eltIdx->getZExtValue());
      return true;
    }
  } else if (Instruction *ptrExpr = dyn_cast<Instruction>(address)) {
    if (ptrExpr->getOpcode() == Instruction::BitCast || ptrExpr->getOpcode() == Instruction::AddrSpaceCast) {
      return EvalConstantAddress(ptrExpr->getOperand(0), offset, pDL, ptrSrc);
    }
    if (ptrExpr->getOpcode() == Instruction::IntToPtr) {
      Value *eltIdxVal = ptrExpr->getOperand(0);
      ConstantInt *eltIdx = dyn_cast<ConstantInt>(eltIdxVal);
      if (!eltIdx)
        return false;
      offset = int_cast<int>(eltIdx->getZExtValue());
      return true;
    }
    if (ptrExpr->getOpcode() == Instruction::PtrToInt) {
      offset = 0;
      if (!EvalConstantAddress(ptrExpr->getOperand(0), offset, pDL, ptrSrc)) {
        return false;
      }
      return true;
    } else if (ptrExpr->getOpcode() == Instruction::GetElementPtr) {
      offset = 0;
      if (!EvalConstantAddress(ptrExpr->getOperand(0), offset, pDL, ptrSrc)) {
        return false;
      }
      Type *Ty = ptrExpr->getType();
      gep_type_iterator GTI = gep_type_begin(ptrExpr);
      for (auto OI = ptrExpr->op_begin() + 1, E = ptrExpr->op_end(); OI != E; ++OI, ++GTI) {
        Value *Idx = *OI;
        if (StructType *StTy = GTI.getStructTypeOrNull()) {
          unsigned Field = int_cast<unsigned>(cast<ConstantInt>(Idx)->getZExtValue());
          if (Field) {
            offset += int_cast<int>(pDL->getStructLayout(StTy)->getElementOffset(Field));
          }
          Ty = StTy->getElementType(Field);
        } else {
          Ty = GTI.getIndexedType();
          if (const ConstantInt *CI = dyn_cast<ConstantInt>(Idx)) {
            offset += int_cast<int>(pDL->getTypeAllocSize(Ty) * CI->getSExtValue());

          } else {
            return false;
          }
        }
      }
      return true;
    }
  }
  return false;
}

// Get constant address from load/ldraw instruction
bool getConstantAddress(llvm::Instruction &I, ConstantAddress &cl, CodeGenContext *pContext, bool &directBuf,
                        bool &statelessBuf, bool &bindlessBuf, bool &rootconstantBuf, unsigned int &TableOffset) {
  // Check if the load instruction is with constant buffer address
  unsigned as;
  Value *ptrVal;
  Value *offsetVal;
  directBuf = false;
  statelessBuf = false;
  bindlessBuf = false;
  bool isPushableAddr = false;
  unsigned int &bufIdOrGRFOffset = cl.bufId;
  unsigned int &eltId = cl.eltId;
  unsigned int &size_in_bytes = cl.size;
  const llvm::DataLayout DL = pContext->getModule()->getDataLayout();
  Instruction *Inst = &I;
  if (dyn_cast<BitCastInst>(Inst)) {
    if (auto bc0 = dyn_cast<Instruction>(Inst->getOperand(0)))
      Inst = bc0;
  }
  // Only load and ldRaw instructions handled, rest should return
  if (LoadInst *load = llvm::dyn_cast<LoadInst>(Inst)) {
    as = load->getPointerAddressSpace();
    ptrVal = load->getPointerOperand();
    offsetVal = ptrVal;
    statelessBuf = (as == ADDRESS_SPACE_CONSTANT);
  } else if (LdRawIntrinsic *ldRaw = dyn_cast<LdRawIntrinsic>(Inst)) {
    as = ldRaw->getResourceValue()->getType()->getPointerAddressSpace();
    ptrVal = ldRaw->getResourceValue();
    offsetVal = ldRaw->getOffsetValue();
    bindlessBuf =
        (DecodeBufferType(as) == SSH_BINDLESS_CONSTANT_BUFFER) || (DecodeBufferType(as) == BINDLESS_CONSTANT_BUFFER);
  }
  else
    return false;
  size_in_bytes = 0;
  BufferType bufType;
  Value *pointerSrc = nullptr;

  if (statelessBuf || bindlessBuf) {
    llvm::SmallSet<PHINode *, 8> visitedPHIs; // unused
    std::vector<Value *> instList;
    Value *srcPtr = TracePointerSource(ptrVal, false, true, true, instList, visitedPHIs);
    // If the buffer info is not encoded in the address space, we can still find it by
    // tracing the pointer to where it's created.
    if (!GetStatelessBufferInfo(srcPtr, bufIdOrGRFOffset, bufType, pointerSrc, directBuf)) {
      return false;
    }
    if (!directBuf) {
      // Make sure constant folding is safe by looking up in pushableAddresses
      PushInfo &pushInfo = pContext->getModuleMetaData()->pushInfo;

      for (const auto &it : pushInfo.pushableAddresses) {
        if ((bufIdOrGRFOffset * 4 == it.addressOffset) &&
            (IGC_IS_FLAG_ENABLED(DisableStaticCheckForConstantFolding) || it.isStatic)) {
          isPushableAddr = true;
          break;
        }
      }
    }
  } else {
    bufType = IGC::DecodeAS4GFXResource(as, directBuf, bufIdOrGRFOffset);
  }
  // If it is statelessBuf, we made sure it is a constant buffer by finding it in pushableAddresses
  if ((directBuf && (bufType == CONSTANT_BUFFER)) || (isPushableAddr && (statelessBuf || bindlessBuf))) {
    eltId = 0;
    if (!EvalConstantAddress(offsetVal, eltId, &DL, pointerSrc)) {
      return false;
    }
  } else {
    return false;
  }
  size_in_bytes = (unsigned int)I.getType()->getPrimitiveSizeInBits() / 8;
  return true;
}

///
/// Replaces oldPtr with newPtr in a sample/ld intrinsic's argument list. The new instrinsic will
/// replace the old one in the module
///
void ChangePtrTypeInIntrinsic(llvm::GenIntrinsicInst *&pIntr, llvm::Value *oldPtr, llvm::Value *newPtr) {
  llvm::Module *pModule = pIntr->getParent()->getParent()->getParent();
  llvm::Function *pCalledFunc = pIntr->getCalledFunction();

  // Look at the intrinsic and figure out which pointer to change
  int num_ops = IGCLLVM::getNumArgOperands(pIntr);
  llvm::SmallVector<llvm::Value *, 5> args;

  for (int i = 0; i < num_ops; ++i) {
    if (pIntr->getArgOperand(i) == oldPtr)
      args.push_back(newPtr);
    else
      args.push_back(pIntr->getArgOperand(i));
  }

  llvm::Function *pNewIntr = nullptr;
  llvm::SmallVector<llvm::Type *, 4> overloadedTys;
  GenISAIntrinsic::ID id = pIntr->getIntrinsicID();
  switch (id) {
  case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_ldmcsptr: {
    llvm::Value *pTextureValue = cast<SamplerLoadIntrinsic>(pIntr)->getTextureValue();
    overloadedTys.push_back(pCalledFunc->getReturnType());
    overloadedTys.push_back(args[0]->getType());
    overloadedTys.push_back(pTextureValue == oldPtr ? newPtr->getType() : pTextureValue->getType());
    break;
  }
  case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_ldptr:
  case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_ldlptr:
  case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_ldmsptr:
  {
    llvm::Value *pTextureValue = cast<SamplerLoadIntrinsic>(pIntr)->getTextureValue();
    llvm::Value *pPairedTextureValue = cast<SamplerLoadIntrinsic>(pIntr)->getPairedTextureValue();
    overloadedTys.push_back(pCalledFunc->getReturnType());
    if (pPairedTextureValue != nullptr) {
      overloadedTys.push_back(pPairedTextureValue == oldPtr ? newPtr->getType() : pPairedTextureValue->getType());
    }
    overloadedTys.push_back(pTextureValue == oldPtr ? newPtr->getType() : pTextureValue->getType());
    break;
  }
  case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_resinfoptr:
  case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_readsurfacetypeandformat:
  case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_sampleinfoptr:
    overloadedTys.push_back(newPtr->getType());
    break;
  case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_sampleptr:
  case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_sampleBptr:
  case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_sampleCptr:
  case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_sampleDptr:
  case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_sampleLptr:
  case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_sampleBCptr:
  case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_sampleDCptr:
  case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_sampleLCptr:
  case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_gather4ptr:
  case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_gather4POptr:
  case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_gather4Cptr:
  case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_gather4POCptr:
  case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_sampleMlodptr:
  case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_sampleCMlodptr:
  case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_sampleBCMlodptr:
  case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_sampleDCMlodptr:
  case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_samplePOptr:
  case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_samplePOBptr:
  case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_samplePOLptr:
  case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_samplePOCptr:
  case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_samplePODptr:
  case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_samplePOLCptr:
  case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_samplePOBCptr:
  case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_samplePODCptr:
  case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_gather4Iptr:
  case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_gather4IPOptr:
  case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_gather4Bptr:
  case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_gather4BPOptr:
  case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_gather4Lptr:
  case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_gather4LPOptr:
  case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_gather4ICptr:
  case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_gather4ICPOptr:
  case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_gather4LCptr:
  case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_gather4LCPOptr:
  case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_gather4POPackedptr:
  case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_gather4POPackedLptr:
  case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_gather4POPackedBptr:
  case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_gather4POPackedIptr:
  case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_gather4POPackedCptr:
  case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_gather4POPackedICptr:
  case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_gather4POPackedLCptr:
  case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_lodptr: {
    // Figure out the intrinsic operands for texture & sampler
    // & paired texture
    llvm::Value *pPairedTextureValue = nullptr;
    llvm::Value *pTextureValue = nullptr;
    llvm::Value *pSamplerValue = nullptr;
    IGC::getTextureAndSamplerOperands(pIntr, pPairedTextureValue, pTextureValue, pSamplerValue);

    overloadedTys.push_back(pCalledFunc->getReturnType());
    overloadedTys.push_back(pIntr->getOperand(0)->getType());
    if (pPairedTextureValue != nullptr) {
      overloadedTys.push_back(pPairedTextureValue == oldPtr ? newPtr->getType() : pPairedTextureValue->getType());
    }
    overloadedTys.push_back(pTextureValue == oldPtr ? newPtr->getType() : pTextureValue->getType());
    if (pSamplerValue != nullptr) {
      // Samplerless messages will not have sampler in signature.
      overloadedTys.push_back(pSamplerValue == oldPtr ? newPtr->getType() : pSamplerValue->getType());
    }
    break;
  }
  case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_typedread:
  case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_typedwrite:
  case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_typedreadMS:
  case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_typedwriteMS:
  case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_ldstructured:
  case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_storestructured1:
  case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_storestructured2:
  case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_storestructured3:
  case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_storestructured4:
    overloadedTys.push_back(newPtr->getType());
    break;
  case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_intatomicraw:
  case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_icmpxchgatomicraw:
  case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_intatomicrawA64:
  case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_icmpxchgatomicrawA64:
  case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_floatatomicraw:
  case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_floatatomicrawA64:
  case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_fcmpxchgatomicraw:
  case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_fcmpxchgatomicrawA64:
    overloadedTys.push_back(pIntr->getType());
    overloadedTys.push_back(newPtr->getType());
    if (id == GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_intatomicrawA64) {
      args[0] = args[1];
      args[1] = CastInst::CreatePointerCast(args[1], Type::getInt32Ty(pModule->getContext()), "", pIntr);
      id = GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_intatomicraw;
    } else if (id == GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_icmpxchgatomicrawA64) {
      args[0] = args[1];
      args[1] = CastInst::CreatePointerCast(args[1], Type::getInt32Ty(pModule->getContext()), "", pIntr);
      id = GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_icmpxchgatomicraw;
    } else if (id == GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_floatatomicrawA64) {
      args[0] = args[1];
      args[1] = CastInst::CreatePointerCast(args[1], Type::getFloatTy(pModule->getContext()), "", pIntr);
      id = GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_floatatomicraw;
    } else if (id == GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_fcmpxchgatomicrawA64) {
      args[0] = args[1];
      args[1] = CastInst::CreatePointerCast(args[1], Type::getFloatTy(pModule->getContext()), "", pIntr);
      id = GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_fcmpxchgatomicraw;
    }
    break;
  case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_dwordatomicstructured:
  case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_floatatomicstructured:
  case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_cmpxchgatomicstructured:
  case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_fcmpxchgatomicstructured:
    overloadedTys.push_back(pIntr->getType());
    overloadedTys.push_back(args[0]->getType());
    break;
  case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_intatomictyped:
  case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_icmpxchgatomictyped:
  case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_floatatomictyped:
  case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_fcmpxchgatomictyped:
    overloadedTys.push_back(pIntr->getType());
    overloadedTys.push_back(newPtr->getType());
    break;
  case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_atomiccounterinc:
  case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_atomiccounterpredec:
    overloadedTys.push_back(args[0]->getType());
    break;
  case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_ldrawvector_indexed:
  case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_ldraw_indexed:
    overloadedTys.push_back(pCalledFunc->getReturnType());
    overloadedTys.push_back(newPtr->getType());
    break;
  case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_storerawvector_indexed:
  case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_storeraw_indexed:
    overloadedTys.push_back(newPtr->getType());
    overloadedTys.push_back(args[2]->getType());
    break;
  default:
    IGC_ASSERT_MESSAGE(0, "Unknown intrinsic encountered while changing pointer types");
    break;
  }

  pNewIntr = llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::getDeclaration(pModule, id, overloadedTys);

  llvm::CallInst *pNewCall = llvm::CallInst::Create(pNewIntr, args, "", pIntr);
  pNewCall->setDebugLoc(pIntr->getDebugLoc());

  pIntr->replaceAllUsesWith(pNewCall);
  pIntr->eraseFromParent();

  pIntr = llvm::cast<llvm::GenIntrinsicInst>(pNewCall);
}

///
/// Returns the sampler/texture pointers for resource access intrinsics
///
void getTextureAndSamplerOperands(llvm::GenIntrinsicInst *pIntr, llvm::Value *&pTextureValue,
                                  llvm::Value *&pSamplerValue) {
  llvm::Value *pUnusedPairedTextureValue;
  getTextureAndSamplerOperands(pIntr, pUnusedPairedTextureValue, pTextureValue, pSamplerValue);
}

///
/// Returns the sampler/texture/paired texture pointers for resource access intrinsics
///
void getTextureAndSamplerOperands(llvm::GenIntrinsicInst *pIntr, llvm::Value *&pPairedTextureValue,
                                  llvm::Value *&pTextureValue, llvm::Value *&pSamplerValue) {
  if (llvm::SamplerLoadIntrinsic *pSamplerLoadInst = llvm::dyn_cast<llvm::SamplerLoadIntrinsic>(pIntr)) {
    pPairedTextureValue = pSamplerLoadInst->getPairedTextureValue();
    pTextureValue = pSamplerLoadInst->getTextureValue();
    pSamplerValue = nullptr;
  } else if (llvm::SampleIntrinsic *pSampleInst = llvm::dyn_cast<llvm::SampleIntrinsic>(pIntr)) {
    pPairedTextureValue = pSampleInst->getPairedTextureValue();
    pTextureValue = pSampleInst->getTextureValue();
    pSamplerValue = pSampleInst->getSamplerValue();
  } else if (llvm::SamplerGatherIntrinsic *pGatherInst = llvm::dyn_cast<llvm::SamplerGatherIntrinsic>(pIntr)) {
    pPairedTextureValue = pGatherInst->getPairedTextureValue();
    pTextureValue = pGatherInst->getTextureValue();
    pSamplerValue = pGatherInst->getSamplerValue();
  } else {
    pPairedTextureValue = nullptr;
    pTextureValue = nullptr;
    pSamplerValue = nullptr;
    switch (pIntr->getIntrinsicID()) {
    case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_resinfoptr:
    case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_readsurfacetypeandformat:
    case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_sampleinfoptr:
    case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_typedwrite:
    case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_typedread:
    case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_typedwriteMS:
    case llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_typedreadMS:
      pTextureValue = pIntr->getOperand(0);
      break;
    default:
      break;
    }
  }
}

// Get the buffer pointer operand for supported buffer access instructions
Value *GetBufferOperand(Instruction *inst) {
  Value *pBuffer = nullptr;
  if (LoadInst *load = dyn_cast<LoadInst>(inst)) {
    pBuffer = load->getPointerOperand();
  } else if (StoreInst *store = dyn_cast<StoreInst>(inst)) {
    pBuffer = store->getPointerOperand();
  } else if (GenIntrinsicInst *intr = dyn_cast<GenIntrinsicInst>(inst)) {
    switch (intr->getIntrinsicID()) {
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_storerawvector_indexed:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_ldrawvector_indexed:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_storeraw_indexed:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_ldraw_indexed:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_intatomicraw:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_intatomictyped:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_icmpxchgatomictyped:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_floatatomicraw:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_floatatomictyped:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_fcmpxchgatomictyped:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_icmpxchgatomicraw:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_fcmpxchgatomicraw:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_simdBlockRead:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_simdBlockWrite:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_LSCLoad:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_LSCLoadWithSideEffects:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_LSCLoadBlock:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_LSCLoadCmask:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_LSCStore:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_LSCStoreBlock:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_LSCStoreCmask:
      pBuffer = intr->getOperand(0);
      break;
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_intatomicrawA64:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_floatatomicrawA64:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_icmpxchgatomicrawA64:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_fcmpxchgatomicrawA64:
      pBuffer = intr->getOperand(1);
      break;
    default:
      break;
    }
  }
  return pBuffer;
}

void GetResourceOperand(Instruction *inst, Value *&resValue, Value *&pairTexValue, Value *&texValue,
                        Value *&sampleValue) {
  auto *pIntr = llvm::cast<llvm::GenIntrinsicInst>(inst);

  if (dyn_cast<LdRawIntrinsic>(pIntr)) {
    resValue = GetBufferOperand(pIntr);
  } else if (dyn_cast<SampleIntrinsic>(pIntr)) {
    getTextureAndSamplerOperands(pIntr, pairTexValue, texValue, sampleValue);
  }
}

void setBufOperand(Instruction *inst, Value *newBufOp) {
  if (LoadInst *load = dyn_cast<LoadInst>(inst)) {
    load->setOperand(0, newBufOp);
  } else if (StoreInst *store = dyn_cast<StoreInst>(inst)) {
    store->setOperand(1, newBufOp);
  } else if (GenIntrinsicInst *intr = dyn_cast<GenIntrinsicInst>(inst)) {
    switch (intr->getIntrinsicID()) {
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_storerawvector_indexed:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_ldrawvector_indexed:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_storeraw_indexed:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_ldraw_indexed:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_intatomicraw:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_intatomictyped:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_icmpxchgatomictyped:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_floatatomicraw:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_floatatomictyped:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_fcmpxchgatomictyped:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_icmpxchgatomicraw:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_fcmpxchgatomicraw:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_simdBlockRead:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_simdBlockWrite:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_LSCLoad:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_LSCLoadBlock:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_LSCLoadCmask:
      intr->setOperand(0, newBufOp);
      break;
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_intatomicrawA64:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_floatatomicrawA64:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_icmpxchgatomicrawA64:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_fcmpxchgatomicrawA64:
      intr->setOperand(1, newBufOp);
      intr->setOperand(0, newBufOp); // Note: it's not used in EmitVISA, but for consistency all other pass sets both
      break;
    default:
      ASSERT(!"unhandled intrinsic type");
      break;
    }
  } else {
    ASSERT(!"unhandled instruction type");
  }
}

void SetResourceOperand(Instruction *inst, Value *newResourceOp, Value *newPairTextureOp, Value *newTextureOp,
                        Value *newSamplerOp) {
  if (llvm::GenIntrinsicInst *pIntr = llvm::dyn_cast<llvm::GenIntrinsicInst>(inst)) {
    if (dyn_cast<LdRawIntrinsic>(pIntr)) {
      setBufOperand(inst, newResourceOp);
    } else if (auto *SI = dyn_cast<SampleIntrinsic>(pIntr)) {
      pIntr->setOperand(SI->getSamplerIndex(), newSamplerOp);
      pIntr->setOperand(SI->getTextureIndex(), newTextureOp);
      pIntr->setOperand(SI->getPairedTextureIndex(), newPairTextureOp);
    }
  }
}

EOPCODE GetOpCode(const llvm::Instruction *inst) {
  if (const GenIntrinsicInst *CI = dyn_cast<GenIntrinsicInst>(inst)) {
    unsigned ID = CI->getIntrinsicID();
    return (EOPCODE)(OPCODE(ID, e_Intrinsic));
  } else if (const IntrinsicInst *CI = llvm::dyn_cast<llvm::IntrinsicInst>(inst)) {
    unsigned ID = CI->getIntrinsicID();
    return (EOPCODE)(OPCODE(ID, e_Intrinsic));
  }
  return (EOPCODE)(OPCODE(inst->getOpcode(), e_Instruction));
}

bool IsReadOnlyLoadDirectCB(llvm::Instruction *pLLVMInst, uint &cbId, llvm::Value *&eltPtrVal, BufferType &bufType) {
  LoadInst *inst = dyn_cast<LoadInst>(pLLVMInst);
  if (!inst) {
    return false;
  }
  bool isInvLoad = inst->getMetadata(LLVMContext::MD_invariant_load) != nullptr;
  unsigned as = inst->getPointerAddressSpace();
  bool directBuf;
  // cbId gets filled in the following call;
  bufType = IGC::DecodeAS4GFXResource(as, directBuf, cbId);
  if ((bufType == CONSTANT_BUFFER || bufType == RESOURCE || isInvLoad) && directBuf) {
    Value *ptrVal = inst->getPointerOperand();
    // skip bitcast and find the real address computation
    while (isa<BitCastInst>(ptrVal)) {
      ptrVal = cast<BitCastInst>(ptrVal)->getOperand(0);
    }
    if (isa<ConstantPointerNull>(ptrVal) || isa<IntToPtrInst>(ptrVal) || isa<GetElementPtrInst>(ptrVal) ||
        isa<ConstantExpr>(ptrVal) || isa<LoadInst>(ptrVal) || isa<Argument>(ptrVal)) {
      eltPtrVal = ptrVal;
      return true;
    }
  }
  return false;
}

bool IsLoadFromDirectCB(llvm::Instruction *pLLVMInst, uint &cbId, llvm::Value *&eltPtrVal) {
  BufferType bufType = BUFFER_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
  bool isReadOnly = IsReadOnlyLoadDirectCB(pLLVMInst, cbId, eltPtrVal, bufType);
  return isReadOnly && bufType == CONSTANT_BUFFER;
}

/// this is texture-load not buffer-load
bool isLdInstruction(const llvm::Instruction *inst) { return isa<SamplerLoadIntrinsic>(inst); }

// function returns the position of the texture operand for sample/ld instructions
llvm::Value *getTextureIndexArgBasedOnOpcode(llvm::Instruction *inst) {
  if (isLdInstruction(inst)) {
    return cast<SamplerLoadIntrinsic>(inst)->getTextureValue();
  } else if (isSampleInstruction(inst)) {
    return cast<SampleIntrinsic>(inst)->getTextureValue();
  } else if (isGather4Instruction(inst)) {
    return cast<SamplerGatherIntrinsic>(inst)->getTextureValue();
  }

  return nullptr;
}

int findSampleInstructionTextureIdx(llvm::Instruction *inst) {
  // fetch the textureArgIdx.
  Value *ptr = getTextureIndexArgBasedOnOpcode(inst);
  unsigned textureIdx = -1;

  if (ptr && ptr->getType()->isPointerTy()) {
    BufferType bufType = BUFFER_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
    if (!(isa<GenIntrinsicInst>(ptr) &&
          cast<GenIntrinsicInst>(ptr)->getIntrinsicID() == GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_GetBufferPtr)) {
      uint as = ptr->getType()->getPointerAddressSpace();
      bool directIndexing;
      bufType = DecodeAS4GFXResource(as, directIndexing, textureIdx);
      if (bufType == UAV) {
        // dont do any clustering on read/write images
        textureIdx = -1;
      }
    }
  } else if (ptr) {
    if (llvm::dyn_cast<llvm::ConstantInt>(ptr)) {
      textureIdx = int_cast<unsigned>(GetImmediateVal(ptr));
    }
  }

  return textureIdx;
}

bool isSampleLoadGather4InfoInstruction(const llvm::Instruction *inst) {
  if (isa<GenIntrinsicInst>(inst)) {
    switch ((cast<GenIntrinsicInst>(inst))->getIntrinsicID()) {
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_sampleptr:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_sampleBptr:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_sampleCptr:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_sampleDptr:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_sampleDCptr:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_sampleLptr:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_sampleLCptr:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_sampleBCptr:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_sampleMlodptr:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_sampleCMlodptr:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_sampleBCMlodptr:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_sampleDCMlodptr:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_samplePOptr:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_samplePOBptr:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_samplePOLptr:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_samplePOCptr:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_samplePODptr:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_samplePOLCptr:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_samplePOBCptr:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_samplePODCptr:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_lodptr:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_ldptr:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_ldlptr:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_ldmsptr:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_ldmsptr16bit:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_ldmcsptr:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_sampleinfoptr:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_resinfoptr:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_gather4ptr:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_gather4Cptr:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_gather4POptr:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_gather4POCptr:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_gather4Iptr:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_gather4IPOptr:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_gather4Bptr:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_gather4BPOptr:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_gather4Lptr:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_gather4LPOptr:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_gather4ICptr:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_gather4ICPOptr:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_gather4LCptr:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_gather4LCPOptr:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_gather4POPackedptr:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_gather4POPackedLptr:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_gather4POPackedBptr:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_gather4POPackedIptr:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_gather4POPackedCptr:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_gather4POPackedICptr:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_gather4POPackedLCptr:
      return true;
    default:
      return false;
    }
  }

  return false;
}

bool isSampleInstruction(const llvm::Instruction *inst) { return isa<SampleIntrinsic>(inst); }

bool isInfoInstruction(const llvm::Instruction *inst) { return isa<InfoIntrinsic>(inst); }

bool isGather4Instruction(const llvm::Instruction *inst) { return isa<SamplerGatherIntrinsic>(inst); }

bool IsMediaIOIntrinsic(const llvm::Instruction *inst) {
  if (auto *pGI = dyn_cast<llvm::GenIntrinsicInst>(inst)) {
    GenISAIntrinsic::ID id = pGI->getIntrinsicID();

    return id == GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_MediaBlockRead || id == GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_MediaBlockWrite;
  }

  return false;
}

bool IsSIMDBlockIntrinsic(const llvm::Instruction *inst) {
  if (auto *pGI = dyn_cast<llvm::GenIntrinsicInst>(inst)) {
    GenISAIntrinsic::ID id = pGI->getIntrinsicID();

    return id == GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_simdBlockRead || id == GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_simdBlockWrite;
  }

  return false;
}

bool isSubGroupIntrinsic(const llvm::Instruction *I) {
  const GenIntrinsicInst *GII = dyn_cast<GenIntrinsicInst>(I);
  if (!GII)
    return false;

  switch (GII->getIntrinsicID()) {
  case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_WaveShuffleIndex:
  case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_WaveBroadcast:
  case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_WaveClusteredBroadcast:
  case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_simdShuffleDown:
  case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_simdShuffleXor:
  case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_simdBlockRead:
  case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_simdBlockReadBindless:
  case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_simdBlockWrite:
  case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_simdBlockWriteBindless:
  case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_simdMediaBlockRead:
  case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_simdMediaBlockWrite:
  case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_MediaBlockWrite:
  case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_MediaBlockRead:
    return true;
  default:
    return false;
  }
}

bool isSubGroupIntrinsicPVC(const llvm::Instruction *I) {
  const GenIntrinsicInst *GII = dyn_cast<GenIntrinsicInst>(I);
  if (!GII)
    return false;

  switch (GII->getIntrinsicID()) {
  case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_simdMediaBlockRead:
  case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_simdMediaBlockWrite:
    return true;
  default:
    return false;
  }
}

// This returns true for all the sub-group shuffle optimized intrinsics
bool isSubGroupShuffleVariant(const llvm::Instruction *I) {
  const GenIntrinsicInst *GII = dyn_cast<GenIntrinsicInst>(I);
  if (!GII)
    return false;

  switch (GII->getIntrinsicID()) {
  case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_WaveShuffleIndex:
  case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_WaveBroadcast:
  case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_WaveClusteredBroadcast:
  case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_simdShuffleXor:
    return true;
  default:
    return false;
  }
}

bool subgroupIntrinsicHasHelperLanes(const Instruction &I) {
  const GenIntrinsicInst *GII = dyn_cast<GenIntrinsicInst>(&I);
  if (!GII)
    return false;

  unsigned int helperLaneIndex = 0;
  switch (GII->getIntrinsicID()) {
  case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_WaveAll:
  case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_WaveClusteredBallot:
  case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_WaveBroadcast:
  case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_WaveShuffleIndex:
    helperLaneIndex = 2;
    break;
  case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_WaveBallot:
  case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_WaveInverseBallot:
    helperLaneIndex = 1;
    break;
  case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_WaveInterleave:
  case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_WaveClustered:
  case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_WaveClusteredPrefix:
  case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_WaveClusteredBroadcast:
    helperLaneIndex = 3;
    break;
  case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_WavePrefix:
  case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_WaveClusteredInterleave:
    helperLaneIndex = 4;
    break;
  default:
    return false;
  }
  auto helperLaneMode = cast<ConstantInt>(GII->getArgOperand(helperLaneIndex));
  return (int_cast<int>(helperLaneMode->getSExtValue()) == 1);
}

bool hasSubGroupIntrinsicPVC(llvm::Function &F) {
  for (auto &BB : F) {
    for (auto &I : BB) {
      if (isSubGroupIntrinsicPVC(&I)) {
        return true;
      }
    }
  }

  return false;
}

bool isBarrierIntrinsic(const llvm::Instruction *I) {
  const GenIntrinsicInst *GII = dyn_cast<GenIntrinsicInst>(I);
  if (!GII)
    return false;

  switch (GII->getIntrinsicID()) {
  case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_threadgroupbarrier:
  case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_threadgroupbarrier_signal:
  case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_threadgroupbarrier_wait:
  case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_threadgroupnamedbarriers_signal:
  case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_threadgroupnamedbarriers_wait:
  case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_wavebarrier:
    return true;
  default:
    return false;
  }
}

bool isUserFunctionCall(const llvm::Instruction *I) {
  const CallInst *callInst = dyn_cast<CallInst>(I);

  // not a call instruction
  if (callInst == nullptr)
    return false;

  // is an indirect call
  if (callInst->getCalledFunction() == nullptr)
    return true;

  // is intrinsic or declaration
  if (callInst->getCalledFunction()->isIntrinsic() || callInst->getCalledFunction()->isDeclaration())
    return false;

  // one of the known functions
  if (callInst->hasFnAttr(llvm::Attribute::Builtin))
    return false;

  // is a call instruction, not an intrinsic and not a declaration - user function call
  return true;
}

bool isHidingComplexControlFlow(const llvm::Instruction *I) {
  if (!isa<GenIntrinsicInst>(I))
    return false;

  if (isa<ContinuationHLIntrinsic>(I))
    return true;

  switch (cast<GenIntrinsicInst>(I)->getIntrinsicID()) {
  case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_discard:
  case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_ReportHitHL:
  case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_AcceptHitAndEndSearchHL:
  case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_IgnoreHitHL:
    return true;
    break;
  default:
    return false;
    break;
  }
}

bool isURBWriteIntrinsic(const llvm::Instruction *I) {
  const GenIntrinsicInst *GII = dyn_cast<GenIntrinsicInst>(I);
  if (!GII)
    return false;

  return GII->getIntrinsicID() == GenISA_URBWrite;
}

llvm::Instruction *AdjustSystemValueCall(llvm::GenIntrinsicInst *inst) {
  IGC_ASSERT(inst->getIntrinsicID() == GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_DCL_SystemValue);
  llvm::Module *pModule = inst->getParent()->getParent()->getParent();
  auto CommonConvertFunc = [pModule](llvm::GenIntrinsicInst *inst, llvm::Type *outputType) {
    IGC_ASSERT(outputType->isVectorTy() == false);
    IGC_ASSERT(inst->getType()->isVectorTy() == false);
    llvm::Instruction *result = inst;
    if (inst->getType() != outputType) {
      llvm::IRBuilder<> builder(inst);
      llvm::Function *systemValueFunc =
          llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::getDeclaration(pModule, GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_DCL_SystemValue, outputType);
      llvm::Instruction *sgv = builder.CreateCall(systemValueFunc, inst->getOperand(0));
      // a default system value intrinsic function returns a float value. The returned value is bit casted to an
      // appropriate integer or floating point value in reference to HW specification. Casting from floating point to
      // integer and in the opposite direction is not expected.
      sgv = llvm::cast<llvm::Instruction>(
          builder.CreateZExtOrTrunc(sgv, builder.getIntNTy((unsigned int)inst->getType()->getPrimitiveSizeInBits())));
      sgv = llvm::cast<llvm::Instruction>(builder.CreateBitCast(sgv, inst->getType()));
      inst->replaceAllUsesWith(sgv);
      inst->eraseFromParent();
      result = sgv;
    }
    return result;
  };

  SGVUsage usage = static_cast<SGVUsage>(llvm::cast<llvm::ConstantInt>(inst->getOperand(0))->getZExtValue());
  llvm::Instruction *result = inst;

  switch (usage) {
  case THREAD_ID_IN_GROUP_X:
  case THREAD_ID_IN_GROUP_Y:
  case THREAD_ID_IN_GROUP_Z:
    result = CommonConvertFunc(inst, llvm::IntegerType::get(pModule->getContext(), 16));
    break;
  default:
    break;
  }
  return result;
}

bool isReadInput(llvm::Instruction *pLLVMInstr);

#define DECLARE_OPCODE(instName, llvmType, name, modifiers, sat, pred, condMod, mathIntrinsic, atomicIntrinsic,        \
                       regioning)                                                                                      \
  case name:                                                                                                           \
    return modifiers;
bool SupportsModifier(llvm::Instruction *inst, const IGC::CPlatform &platform) {
  // Special cases
  switch (inst->getOpcode()) {
  case Instruction::ICmp: {
    // icmp supports modifier unless it is unsigned
    CmpInst *cmp = cast<ICmpInst>(inst);
    return !cmp->isUnsigned();
  }
  case Instruction::Mul:
    // integer mul supports modifier if not int64.
    return !inst->getType()->isIntegerTy(64);
  case Instruction::URem:
    // neg mod is negative. Disable it as URem must have positive operands,
    return false;
  default:
    break;
  }
  if (IGCLLVM::isBFloatTy(inst->getType())) {
    if (!platform.supportsPureBF()) {
      return false;
    }
  }

  switch (GetOpCode(inst)) {
#include "opCode.h"
  default:
    return false;
  }
}
#undef DECLARE_OPCODE

#define DECLARE_OPCODE(instName, llvmType, name, modifiers, sat, pred, condMod, mathIntrinsic, atomicIntrinsic,        \
                       regioning)                                                                                      \
  case name:                                                                                                           \
    return sat;
bool SupportsSaturate(llvm::Instruction *inst) {
  switch (GetOpCode(inst)) {
#include "opCode.h"
  default:
    break;
  }
  return false;
}
#undef DECLARE_OPCODE

#define DECLARE_OPCODE(instName, llvmType, name, modifiers, sat, pred, condMod, mathIntrinsic, atomicIntrinsic,        \
                       regioning)                                                                                      \
  case name:                                                                                                           \
    return pred;
bool SupportsPredicate(llvm::Instruction *inst) {
  switch (GetOpCode(inst)) {
#include "opCode.h"
  default:
    return false;
  }
}
#undef DECLARE_OPCODE

#define DECLARE_OPCODE(instName, llvmType, name, modifiers, sat, pred, condMod, mathIntrinsic, atomicIntrinsic,        \
                       regioning)                                                                                      \
  case name:                                                                                                           \
    return condMod;
bool SupportsCondModifier(llvm::Instruction *inst) {
  switch (GetOpCode(inst)) {
#include "opCode.h"
  default:
    return false;
  }
}
#undef DECLARE_OPCODE

#define DECLARE_OPCODE(instName, llvmType, name, modifiers, sat, pred, condMod, mathIntrinsic, atomicIntrinsic,        \
                       regioning)                                                                                      \
  case name:                                                                                                           \
    return regioning;
bool SupportsRegioning(llvm::Instruction *inst) {
  switch (GetOpCode(inst)) {
#include "opCode.h"
  default:
    break;
  }
  return false;
}
#undef DECLARE_OPCODE

#define DECLARE_OPCODE(instName, llvmType, name, modifiers, sat, pred, condMod, mathIntrinsic, atomicIntrinsic,        \
                       regioning)                                                                                      \
  case name:                                                                                                           \
    return mathIntrinsic;
bool IsMathIntrinsic(EOPCODE opcode) {
  switch (opcode) {
#include "opCode.h"
  default:
    return false;
  }
}
#undef DECLARE_OPCODE

#define DECLARE_OPCODE(instName, llvmType, name, modifiers, sat, pred, condMod, mathIntrinsic, atomicIntrinsic,        \
                       regioning)                                                                                      \
  case name:                                                                                                           \
    return atomicIntrinsic;
bool IsAtomicIntrinsic(EOPCODE opcode) {
  switch (opcode) {
#include "opCode.h"
  default:
    return false;
  }
}
#undef DECLARE_OPCODE

bool IsExtendedMathInstruction(llvm::Instruction *Inst) {
  EOPCODE opcode = GetOpCode(Inst);
  switch (opcode) {
  case llvm_fdiv:
  case llvm_sdiv:
  case llvm_udiv:
  case llvm_log:
  case llvm_exp:
  case llvm_sqrt:
  case llvm_sin:
  case llvm_cos:
  case llvm_pow:
    return true;
  default:
    return false;
  }
  return false;
}
// for now just include shuffle, reduce and scan,
// which have simd32 implementations and should not be split into two instances
bool IsSubGroupIntrinsicWithSimd32Implementation(EOPCODE opcode) {
  return (opcode == llvm_waveAll || opcode == llvm_waveClustered || opcode == llvm_waveInterleave ||
          opcode == llvm_waveClusteredInterleave || opcode == llvm_wavePrefix || opcode == llvm_waveClusteredPrefix ||
          opcode == llvm_waveShuffleIndex || opcode == llvm_waveBroadcast || opcode == llvm_waveClusteredBroadcast ||
          opcode == llvm_waveBallot || opcode == llvm_waveClusteredBallot || opcode == llvm_simdShuffleDown ||
          opcode == llvm_simdBlockRead || opcode == llvm_simdBlockReadBindless);
}

bool IsGradientIntrinsic(EOPCODE opcode) {
  return (opcode == llvm_gradientX || opcode == llvm_gradientY || opcode == llvm_gradientXfine ||
          opcode == llvm_gradientYfine);
}

bool IsMemLoadIntrinsic(llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::ID id) {
  switch (id) {
  case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_ldraw_indexed:
  case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_ldrawvector_indexed:
    return true;
  default:
    return IsStatelessMemLoadIntrinsic(id);
  }
}

bool IsStatelessMemLoadIntrinsic(llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::ID id) {
  switch (id) {
  case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_simdBlockRead:
  case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_LSC2DBlockRead:
  case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_LSC2DBlockPrefetch:
  case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_LSCLoad:
  case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_LSCLoadBlock:
  case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_LSCPrefetch:
    return true;
  default:
    break;
  }
  return false;
}

bool IsStatelessMemStoreIntrinsic(llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::ID id) {
  switch (id) {
  case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_HDCuncompressedwrite:
  case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_LSCStore:
  case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_LSCStoreBlock:
  case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_simdBlockWrite:
  case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_LSC2DBlockWrite:
    return true;
  default:
    break;
  }
  return false;
}

bool IsStatelessMemAtomicIntrinsic(GenIntrinsicInst &inst, GenISAIntrinsic::ID id) {
  // This includes:
  // GenISA_intatomicraw
  // GenISA_floatatomicraw
  // GenISA_intatomicrawA64
  // GenISA_floatatomicrawA64
  // GenISA_icmpxchgatomicraw
  // GenISA_fcmpxchgatomicraw
  // GenISA_icmpxchgatomicrawA64
  // GenISA_fcmpxchgatomicrawA64
  if (IsAtomicIntrinsic(GetOpCode(&inst)))
    return true;

  switch (id) {
  case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_LSCAtomicFP32:
  case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_LSCAtomicFP64:
  case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_LSCAtomicBF16:
  case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_LSCAtomicInts:
    return true;
  default:
    break;
  }
  return false;
}

llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::ID GetOutputPSIntrinsic(const CPlatform &platform) {
  const llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::ID iid =
      platform.hasEfficient64bEnabled() ? llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_OUTPUTPS : llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_OUTPUT;
  return iid;
}

bool ComputesGradient(llvm::Instruction *inst) {
  llvm::SampleIntrinsic *sampleInst = dyn_cast<llvm::SampleIntrinsic>(inst);
  if (sampleInst && sampleInst->IsDerivative()) {
    return true;
  }
  llvm::SamplerGatherIntrinsic *gatherInst = dyn_cast<llvm::SamplerGatherIntrinsic>(inst);
  if (gatherInst && gatherInst->IsDerivative()) {
    return true;
  }
  if (IsGradientIntrinsic(GetOpCode(inst))) {
    return true;
  }
  return false;
}

uint getImmValueU32(const llvm::Value *value) {
  const llvm::ConstantInt *cval = llvm::cast<llvm::ConstantInt>(value);
  IGC_ASSERT(nullptr != cval);

  uint ival = int_cast<uint>(cval->getZExtValue());
  return ival;
}

bool getImmValueBool(const llvm::Value *value) {
  const llvm::ConstantInt *cval = llvm::cast<llvm::ConstantInt>(value);
  IGC_ASSERT(nullptr != cval);
  IGC_ASSERT(cval->getBitWidth() == 1);

  return cval->getValue().getBoolValue();
}

llvm::Value *ExtractElementFromInsertChain(llvm::Value *inst, int pos) {

  llvm::ConstantDataVector *cstV = llvm::dyn_cast<llvm::ConstantDataVector>(inst);
  if (cstV != NULL) {
    return cstV->getElementAsConstant(pos);
  }

  llvm::InsertElementInst *ie = llvm::dyn_cast<llvm::InsertElementInst>(inst);
  while (ie != NULL) {
    int64_t iOffset = llvm::cast<llvm::ConstantInt>(ie->getOperand(2))->getSExtValue();
    IGC_ASSERT(iOffset >= 0);
    if (iOffset == pos) {
      return ie->getOperand(1);
    }
    llvm::Value *insertBase = ie->getOperand(0);
    ie = llvm::dyn_cast<llvm::InsertElementInst>(insertBase);
  }
  return NULL;
}

bool ExtractVec4FromInsertChain(llvm::Value *inst, llvm::Value *elem[4],
                                llvm::SmallVector<llvm::Instruction *, 10> &instructionToRemove) {
  llvm::ConstantDataVector *cstV = llvm::dyn_cast<llvm::ConstantDataVector>(inst);
  if (cstV != NULL) {
    IGC_ASSERT(cstV->getNumElements() == 4);
    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
      elem[i] = cstV->getElementAsConstant(i);
    }
    return true;
  }

  for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
    elem[i] = NULL;
  }

  int count = 0;
  llvm::InsertElementInst *ie = llvm::dyn_cast<llvm::InsertElementInst>(inst);
  while (ie != NULL) {
    int64_t iOffset = llvm::cast<llvm::ConstantInt>(ie->getOperand(2))->getSExtValue();
    IGC_ASSERT(iOffset >= 0);
    if (elem[iOffset] == NULL) {
      elem[iOffset] = ie->getOperand(1);
      count++;
      if (ie->hasOneUse()) {
        instructionToRemove.push_back(ie);
      }
    }
    llvm::Value *insertBase = ie->getOperand(0);
    ie = llvm::dyn_cast<llvm::InsertElementInst>(insertBase);
  }
  return (count == 4);
}

void VectorToElement(llvm::Value *inst, llvm::Value *elem[], llvm::Type *int32Ty, llvm::Instruction *insert_before,
                     int vsize) {
  for (int i = 0; i < vsize; i++) {
    if (elem[i] == nullptr) {
      // Create an ExtractElementInst
      elem[i] = llvm::ExtractElementInst::Create(inst, llvm::ConstantInt::get(int32Ty, i), "", insert_before);
    }
  }
}

llvm::Value *ElementToVector(llvm::Value *elem[], llvm::Type *int32Ty, llvm::Instruction *insert_before, int vsize) {
  llvm::VectorType *vt = IGCLLVM::FixedVectorType::get(elem[0]->getType(), vsize);
  llvm::Value *vecValue = llvm::UndefValue::get(vt);

  for (int i = 0; i < vsize; ++i) {

    vecValue =
        llvm::InsertElementInst::Create(vecValue, elem[i], llvm::ConstantInt::get(int32Ty, i), "", insert_before);
    ((Instruction *)vecValue)->setDebugLoc(insert_before->getDebugLoc());
  }
  return vecValue;
}

llvm::Value *ConvertToFloat(llvm::IRBuilder<> &builder, llvm::Value *val) {
  llvm::Value *ret = val;
  llvm::Type *type = val->getType();
  IGC_ASSERT(nullptr != type);
  IGC_ASSERT_MESSAGE(type->isSingleValueType(), "Only scalar data is supported here");
  IGC_ASSERT_MESSAGE(!type->isVectorTy(), "Only scalar data is supported here");
  IGC_ASSERT((type->getTypeID() == Type::FloatTyID) || (type->getTypeID() == Type::HalfTyID) ||
             (type->getTypeID() == Type::IntegerTyID) || (type->getTypeID() == Type::DoubleTyID));

  unsigned dataSize = type->getScalarSizeInBits();
  if (16 == dataSize) {
    ret = builder.CreateFPExt(builder.CreateBitCast(val, builder.getHalfTy()), builder.getFloatTy());
  } else if (32 == dataSize) {
    ret = builder.CreateBitCast(val, builder.getFloatTy());
  } else if (64 == dataSize) {
    llvm::Type *vecType = IGCLLVM::FixedVectorType::get(builder.getFloatTy(), 2);
    ret = builder.CreateBitCast(val, vecType);
  } else {
    IGC_ASSERT_EXIT_MESSAGE(0, "Unsupported type in ConvertToFloat of helper.");
  }

  return ret;
}

void ConvertToFloat(llvm::IRBuilder<> &builder, llvm::SmallVectorImpl<llvm::Value *> &instList) {
  for (size_t i = 0; i < instList.size(); i++) {
    llvm::Value *val = ConvertToFloat(builder, instList[i]);
    if (val->getType()->isVectorTy()) {
      instList[i] = builder.CreateExtractElement(val, static_cast<uint64_t>(0));
      size_t iOld = i;
      for (unsigned j = 1; j < cast<IGCLLVM::FixedVectorType>(val->getType())->getNumElements(); j++) {
        instList.insert(instList.begin() + iOld + j, builder.CreateExtractElement(val, j));
        i++;
      }
    } else {
      instList[i] = val;
    }
  }
}

void ScalarizeAggregateMembers(llvm::IRBuilder<> &builder, llvm::Value *val,
                               llvm::SmallVectorImpl<llvm::Value *> &instList) {
  llvm::Type *type = val->getType();
  unsigned num = 0;
  switch (type->getTypeID()) {
  case llvm::Type::FloatTyID:
  case llvm::Type::HalfTyID:
  case llvm::Type::IntegerTyID:
  case llvm::Type::DoubleTyID:
    instList.push_back(val);
    break;
  case llvm::Type::StructTyID:
    num = type->getStructNumElements();
    for (unsigned i = 0; i < num; i++) {
      ScalarizeAggregateMembers(builder, builder.CreateExtractValue(val, i), instList);
    }
    break;
  case IGCLLVM::VectorTyID:
    num = (unsigned)cast<IGCLLVM::FixedVectorType>(type)->getNumElements();
    for (unsigned i = 0; i < num; i++) {
      ScalarizeAggregateMembers(builder, builder.CreateExtractElement(val, i), instList);
    }
    break;
  case llvm::Type::ArrayTyID:
    num = static_cast<uint32_t>(type->getArrayNumElements());
    for (unsigned i = 0; i < num; i++) {
      ScalarizeAggregateMembers(builder, builder.CreateExtractValue(val, i), instList);
    }
    break;
  default:
    IGC_ASSERT_EXIT_MESSAGE(
        0, "Unsupported type in ScalarizeAggregateMembers of helper! Please enhance this function first.");
    break;
  }
}

bool IsUnsignedCmp(const llvm::CmpInst::Predicate Pred) {
  switch (Pred) {
  case llvm::CmpInst::ICMP_UGT:
  case llvm::CmpInst::ICMP_UGE:
  case llvm::CmpInst::ICMP_ULT:
  case llvm::CmpInst::ICMP_ULE:
    return true;
  default:
    break;
  }
  return false;
}

bool IsSignedCmp(const llvm::CmpInst::Predicate Pred) {
  switch (Pred) {
  case llvm::CmpInst::ICMP_SGT:
  case llvm::CmpInst::ICMP_SGE:
  case llvm::CmpInst::ICMP_SLT:
  case llvm::CmpInst::ICMP_SLE:
    return true;
  default:
    break;
  }
  return false;
}

// isA64Ptr - Queries whether given pointer type requires 64-bit representation in vISA
bool isA64Ptr(llvm::PointerType *PT, CodeGenContext *pContext) {
  return pContext->getRegisterPointerSizeInBits(PT->getAddressSpace()) == 64;
}

int getFunctionControl(const CodeGenContext *pContext) {
  // Let Key have a higher priority. Flag is used if the key isn't set.
  int val = IGC_GET_FLAG_VALUE(FunctionControl);
  if (val == FLAG_FCALL_DEFAULT) {
    if (pContext->type == ShaderType::OPENCL_SHADER) {
      auto CLCtx = static_cast<const OpenCLProgramContext *>(pContext);
      if (CLCtx->m_InternalOptions.FunctionControl > 0) {
        val = CLCtx->m_InternalOptions.FunctionControl;
      }
    }
  }
  return val;
}

bool IsBitCastForLifetimeMark(const llvm::Value *V) {
  if (!V || !llvm::isa<llvm::BitCastInst>(V)) {
    return false;
  }
  for (llvm::Value::const_user_iterator it = V->user_begin(), e = V->user_end(); it != e; ++it) {
    const llvm::IntrinsicInst *inst = llvm::dyn_cast<const llvm::IntrinsicInst>(*it);
    if (!inst) {
      return false;
    }
    llvm::Intrinsic::ID IID = inst->getIntrinsicID();
    if (IID != llvm::Intrinsic::lifetime_start && IID != llvm::Intrinsic::lifetime_end) {
      return false;
    }
  }
  return true;
}

ERoundingMode GetRoundingMode_FPCvtInt(ModuleMetaData *modMD, Instruction *pInst) {
  if (isa<FPToSIInst>(pInst) || isa<FPToUIInst>(pInst)) {
    const ERoundingMode defaultRoundingMode_FPCvtInt =
        static_cast<ERoundingMode>(modMD->compOpt.FloatCvtIntRoundingMode);
    return defaultRoundingMode_FPCvtInt;
  }

  if (GenIntrinsicInst *GII = dyn_cast<GenIntrinsicInst>(pInst)) {
    switch (GII->getIntrinsicID()) {
    default:
      break;
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_ftoui_rtn:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_ftoi_rtn:
      return ERoundingMode::ROUND_TO_NEGATIVE;
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_ftoui_rtp:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_ftoi_rtp:
      return ERoundingMode::ROUND_TO_POSITIVE;
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_ftoui_rte:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_ftoi_rte:
      return ERoundingMode::ROUND_TO_NEAREST_EVEN;
    }
  }
  // rounding not needed!
  return ERoundingMode::ROUND_TO_ANY;
}

ERoundingMode GetRoundingMode_FP(ModuleMetaData *modMD, Instruction *inst) {
  // Float rounding mode
  ERoundingMode RM = static_cast<ERoundingMode>(modMD->compOpt.FloatRoundingMode);
  if (GenIntrinsicInst *GII = dyn_cast<GenIntrinsicInst>(inst)) {
    switch (GII->getIntrinsicID()) {
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_f32tof16_rtz:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_ftof_rtz:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_itof_rtz:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_uitof_rtz:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_add_rtz:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_mul_rtz:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_fma_rtz:
      RM = ERoundingMode::ROUND_TO_ZERO;
      break;
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_ftof_rtn:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_itof_rtn:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_uitof_rtn:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_add_rtn:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_mul_rtn:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_fma_rtn:
      RM = ERoundingMode::ROUND_TO_NEGATIVE;
      break;
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_ftof_rtp:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_itof_rtp:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_uitof_rtp:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_add_rtp:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_mul_rtp:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_fma_rtp:
      RM = ERoundingMode::ROUND_TO_POSITIVE;
      break;
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_ftof_rte:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_add_rte:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_mul_rte:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_fma_rte:
      RM = ERoundingMode::ROUND_TO_NEAREST_EVEN;
      break;
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_ftobf:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_2fto2bf: {
      ConstantInt *rmVal;
      if (GII->getIntrinsicID() == GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_2fto2bf) {
        rmVal = cast<ConstantInt>(GII->getArgOperand(2));
      } else {
        rmVal = cast<ConstantInt>(GII->getArgOperand(1));
      }
      RM = (ERoundingMode)rmVal->getZExtValue();
      break;
    }
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_hftobf8: {
      ConstantInt *rmVal = cast<ConstantInt>(GII->getArgOperand(1));
      RM = (ERoundingMode)rmVal->getZExtValue();
      break;
    }
    default:
      break;
    }
  }
  return RM;
}

// Return true if inst needs specific rounding mode; false otherwise.
//
// Currently, only gen intrinsic needs rounding mode other than the default.
bool setsRMExplicitly(Instruction *inst) {
  if (GenIntrinsicInst *GII = dyn_cast<GenIntrinsicInst>(inst)) {
    switch (GII->getIntrinsicID()) {
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_f32tof16_rtz:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_ftof_rtz:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_itof_rtz:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_uitof_rtz:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_add_rtz:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_mul_rtz:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_fma_rtz:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_fma_rtp:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_fma_rtn:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_ftof_rtn:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_itof_rtn:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_uitof_rtn:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_ftof_rtp:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_itof_rtp:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_uitof_rtp:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_ftobf:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_2fto2bf:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_hftobf8:
      return true;
    default:
      break;
    }
  }
  return false;
}

bool ignoresRoundingMode(llvm::Instruction *inst) {
  auto isFZero = [](Value *V) {
    if (ConstantFP *FCST = dyn_cast<ConstantFP>(V)) {
      return FCST->isZero();
    }
    return false;
  };

  if (isa<InsertElementInst>(inst) || isa<ExtractElementInst>(inst) || isa<BitCastInst>(inst) || isa<ICmpInst>(inst) ||
      isa<FPExtInst>(inst) || isa<FCmpInst>(inst) || isa<SelectInst>(inst) || isa<TruncInst>(inst) ||
      isa<LoadInst>(inst) || isa<StoreInst>(inst)) {
    // these are not affected by rounding mode.
    return true;
  }

  if (BinaryOperator *BOP = dyn_cast<BinaryOperator>(inst)) {
    if (BOP->getType()->isIntOrIntVectorTy()) {
      // Integer binary op does not need rounding mode
      return true;
    }

    // float operations on EM uses RTNE only and are not affected
    // by rounding mode.
    if (BOP->getType()->isFPOrFPVectorTy()) {
      switch (BOP->getOpcode()) {
      default:
        break;
      case Instruction::FDiv:
        return true;
      case Instruction::FSub:
        // Negation is okay for any rounding mode
        if (isFZero(BOP->getOperand(0))) {
          return true;
        }
        break;
      }
    }
  }
  if (IntrinsicInst *II = dyn_cast<IntrinsicInst>(inst)) {
    switch (II->getIntrinsicID()) {
    default:
      break;
    case IGCLLVM::Intrinsic::exp2:
    case IGCLLVM::Intrinsic::sqrt:
      return true;
    }
  }

  if (GenIntrinsicInst *GII = dyn_cast<GenIntrinsicInst>(inst)) {
    GenISAIntrinsic::ID id = GII->getIntrinsicID();
    switch (id) {
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_bftof:
    case GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_bf8tohf:
      return true;
    default:
      break;
    }
  }
  // add more instr as needed
  return false;
}

Value *mutatePtrType(Value *ptrv, PointerType *newType, IRBuilder<> &builder, const Twine &) {
  if (isa<ConstantPointerNull>(ptrv)) {
    return ConstantPointerNull::get(newType);
  } else {
    if (ConstantExpr *cexpr = dyn_cast<ConstantExpr>(ptrv)) {
      IGC_ASSERT(cexpr->getOpcode() == Instruction::IntToPtr);
      Value *offset = cexpr->getOperand(0);
      ptrv = builder.CreateIntToPtr(offset, newType);
    } else {
      ptrv->mutateType(newType);
    }
  }
  return ptrv;
}

/*
cmp.l.f0.0 (8) null:d       r0.0<0;1,0>:w    0x0000:w         { Align1, N1, NoMask, NoCompact }
(-f0.0) jmpi Test
(-f0.0) sendc (8) null:ud      r120.0<0;1,0>:f  0x00000025  0x08031400:ud    { Align1, N1, EOT, NoCompact }
nop
Test :
nop

*/

static const unsigned int CRastHeader_SIMD8[] = {
    0x05600010, 0x20001a24, 0x1e000000, 0x00000000, 0x00110020, 0x34000004, 0x0e001400, 0x00000020,
    0x05710032, 0x20003a00, 0x06000f00, 0x88031400, 0x00000000, 0x00000000, 0x00000000, 0x00000000,
};

/*
cmp.l.f0.0 (16) null:d       r0.0 < 0; 1, 0 > : w    0x0000 : w{ Align1, N1, NoMask, NoCompact }
(-f0.0) jmpi(1) Test { Align1, N1, NoMask, NoCompact }
(-f0.0) sendc(16) null : ud      r120.0 < 0; 1, 0 > : f  0x00000025 0x90031000 : ud{ Align1, N1, EOT, NoCompact }
nop
Test :
nop

*/
static const unsigned int CRastHeader_SIMD16[] = {
    0x05800010, 0x20001A24, 0x1E000000, 0x00000000, 0x00110020, 0x34000004, 0x0E001400, 0x00000020,
    0x05910032, 0x20003A00, 0x06000F00, 0x90031000, 0x00000000, 0x00000000, 0x00000000, 0x00000000,
};

/*
cmp.l.f0.0 (16) null:d       r0.0 < 0; 1, 0 > : w    0x0000 : w{ Align1, N1, NoMask, NoCompact }
(-f0.0) jmpi Test
(-f0.0) sendc(16) null : w r120.0 < 0; 1, 0 > : ud  0x00000005 0x10031000 : ud{ Align1, N1, NoCompact }
(-f0.0) sendc(16) null : w r120.0 < 0; 1, 0 > : f  0x00000025  0x10031800 : ud{ Align1, N5, EOT, NoCompact }
nop
Test :
nop

*/

static const unsigned int CRastHeader_SIMD32[] = {
    0x05800010, 0x20001a24, 0x1e000000, 0x00000000, 0x00110020, 0x34000004, 0x0e001400, 0x00000020,
    0x05910032, 0x20000260, 0x06000f00, 0x10031000, 0x05912032, 0x20003a60, 0x06000f00, 0x90031800,
};

unsigned int AppendConservativeRastWAHeader(IGC::SProgramOutput *program, SIMDMode simdmode) {
  uint32_t headerSize = 0;
  if (program && (program->m_programSize > 0)) {
    headerSize = AppendConservativeRastWAHeader(program->m_programBin, program->m_programSize, simdmode);
  }
  return headerSize;
}

unsigned int AppendConservativeRastWAHeader(void *&pBinary, unsigned int &binarySize, SIMDMode simdmode) {
  unsigned int headerSize = 0;
  const unsigned int *pHeader = nullptr;

  if (pBinary && (binarySize > 0)) {
    switch (simdmode) {
    case SIMDMode::SIMD8:
      headerSize = sizeof(CRastHeader_SIMD8);
      pHeader = CRastHeader_SIMD8;
      break;

    case SIMDMode::SIMD16:
      headerSize = sizeof(CRastHeader_SIMD16);
      pHeader = CRastHeader_SIMD16;
      break;

    case SIMDMode::SIMD32:
      headerSize = sizeof(CRastHeader_SIMD32);
      pHeader = CRastHeader_SIMD32;
      break;

    default:
      IGC_ASSERT_MESSAGE(0, "Invalid SIMD Mode for Conservative Raster WA");
      break;
    }

    unsigned int newSize = binarySize + headerSize;
    void *newBinary = IGC::aligned_malloc(newSize, 16);
    memcpy_s(newBinary, newSize, pHeader, headerSize);
    memcpy_s((char *)newBinary + headerSize, newSize, pBinary, binarySize);
    IGC::aligned_free(pBinary);
    pBinary = newBinary;
    binarySize = newSize;
  }
  return headerSize;
}


void InsertOptsMetadata(CodeGenContext *pCtx, llvm::Function *F) {
  std::set<std::string> *OptDisableSet;
  if (F != nullptr) {
    // Insert for function metadata
    auto funcMD = &pCtx->getModuleMetaData()->FuncMD[F]; // Okay to insert funcMD if not present
    OptDisableSet = &(funcMD->m_OptsToDisablePerFunc);
  } else {
    // Insert for module metadata
    OptDisableSet = &(pCtx->getModuleMetaData()->m_OptsToDisable);
  }

  // Disable opt passes using the retry manager states
  if (!pCtx->m_retryManager.AllowPromotePrivateMemory(F))
    OptDisableSet->insert(IGCOpts::LowerGEPForPrivMemPass);
  if (!pCtx->m_retryManager.AllowAddressArithmeticSinking(F))
    OptDisableSet->insert(IGCOpts::AddressArithmeticSinkingPass);
  if (!pCtx->m_retryManager.AllowLargeURBWrite(F))
    OptDisableSet->insert(IGCOpts::MergeURBWritePass);
  if (!pCtx->m_retryManager.AllowConstantCoalescing(F))
    OptDisableSet->insert(IGCOpts::ConstantCoalescingPass);
  if (!pCtx->m_retryManager.AllowLoadSinking(F))
    OptDisableSet->insert(IGCOpts::SinkLoadOptPass);
  if (!pCtx->m_retryManager.AllowSimd32Slicing(F))
    OptDisableSet->insert(IGCOpts::AllowSimd32Slicing);
}

Function *getUniqueEntryFunc(const IGCMD::MetaDataUtils *pM, IGC::ModuleMetaData *pModMD) {
  Function *entryFunc = nullptr;
  for (auto i = pM->begin_FunctionsInfo(), e = pM->end_FunctionsInfo(); i != e; ++i) {
    IGCMD::FunctionInfoMetaDataHandle Info = i->second;
    if (Info->getType() != FunctionTypeMD::KernelFunction) {
      continue;
    }

    Function *F = i->first;
    if (!entryFunc) {
      entryFunc = F;
    } else {
      // Multiple entries found, return null since there is no unique entry
      return nullptr;
    }
  }
  return entryFunc;
}

int getSIMDSize(const IGCMD::MetaDataUtils *M, llvm::Function *F) {
  if (M->findFunctionsInfoItem(F) != M->end_FunctionsInfo()) {
    return M->getFunctionsInfoItem(F)->getSubGroupSize()->getSIMDSize();
  }
  return 0;
}

// If true, the codegen will likely not emit instruction for this instruction.
bool isNoOpInst(Instruction *I, CodeGenContext *Ctx) {
  if (isa<BitCastInst>(I) || isa<IntToPtrInst>(I) || isa<PtrToIntInst>(I)) {
    // Don't bother with constant operands
    if (isa<Constant>(I->getOperand(0))) {
      return false;
    }

    Type *dTy = I->getType();
    Type *sTy = I->getOperand(0)->getType();
    PointerType *dPTy = dyn_cast<PointerType>(dTy);
    PointerType *sPTy = dyn_cast<PointerType>(sTy);
    uint32_t dBits =
        dPTy ? Ctx->getRegisterPointerSizeInBits(dPTy->getAddressSpace()) : (unsigned int)dTy->getPrimitiveSizeInBits();
    uint32_t sBits =
        sPTy ? Ctx->getRegisterPointerSizeInBits(sPTy->getAddressSpace()) : (unsigned int)sTy->getPrimitiveSizeInBits();
    if (dBits == 0 || sBits == 0 || dBits != sBits) {
      // Not primitive type or not equal in size (inttoptr, etc)
      return false;
    }

    IGCLLVM::FixedVectorType *dVTy = dyn_cast<IGCLLVM::FixedVectorType>(dTy);
    IGCLLVM::FixedVectorType *sVTy = dyn_cast<IGCLLVM::FixedVectorType>(sTy);
    int d_nelts = dVTy ? (int)dVTy->getNumElements() : 1;
    int s_nelts = sVTy ? (int)sVTy->getNumElements() : 1;
    if (d_nelts != s_nelts) {
      // Vector relayout bitcast.
      return false;
    }
    return true;
  }
  return false;
}

//
// Given a value, check if it is likely a positive number.
//
// This function works best if llvm.assume() is used in the bif libraries to
// give ValueTracking hints.  ex:
//
// size_t get_local_id(uint dim)
// {
//    size_t ret = __builtin_IB_get_local_id()
//    __builtin_assume(ret >= 0);
//    __builtin_assume(ret <= 0x0000ffff)
//    return ret;
// }
//
// This implementation relies completly on native llvm functions
//
//
//
bool valueIsPositive(Value *V, const DataLayout *DL, llvm::AssumptionCache *AC, llvm::Instruction *CxtI) {
  return computeKnownBits(V, *DL, 0, AC, CxtI).isNonNegative();
}

void appendToUsed(llvm::Module &M, ArrayRef<GlobalValue *> Values) {
  std::string Name = "llvm.used";
  GlobalVariable *GV = M.getGlobalVariable(Name);
  SmallPtrSet<Constant *, 16> InitAsSet;
  SmallVector<Constant *, 16> Init;
  if (GV) {
    ConstantArray *CA = dyn_cast<ConstantArray>(GV->getInitializer());
    for (auto &Op : CA->operands()) {
      Constant *C = cast_or_null<Constant>(Op);
      if (InitAsSet.insert(C).second)
        Init.push_back(C);
    }

    if (GV->user_empty())
      GV->eraseFromParent();
  }

  Type *Int8PtrTy = llvm::Type::getInt8PtrTy(M.getContext());
  for (auto *V : Values) {
    Constant *C = V;
    // llvm will complain if members of llvm.uses doesn't have a name
    if (C->getName().empty())
      C->setName("gVar");

    if (V->getType()->getAddressSpace() != 0)
      C = ConstantExpr::getAddrSpaceCast(V, Int8PtrTy);
    else
      C = ConstantExpr::getBitCast(V, Int8PtrTy);
    if (InitAsSet.insert(C).second)
      Init.push_back(C);
  }

  if (Init.empty())
    return;

  ArrayType *ATy = ArrayType::get(Int8PtrTy, Init.size());
  GV = new llvm::GlobalVariable(M, ATy, false, GlobalValue::AppendingLinkage, ConstantArray::get(ATy, Init), Name);
  GV->setSection("llvm.metadata");
}

void setupTriple(CodeGenContext &Ctx, StringRef OS) {
}

bool safeScheduleUp(llvm::BasicBlock *BB, llvm::Value *V, llvm::Instruction *&InsertPos,
                    llvm::DenseSet<llvm::Instruction *> Scheduled) {
  llvm::Instruction *I = llvm::dyn_cast<llvm::Instruction>(V);
  if (!I)
    return false;

  // Skip value defined in other BBs.
  if (I->getParent() != BB)
    return false;

  // Skip phi-node as they are eventually defined in other BBs.
  if (llvm::isa<llvm::PHINode>(I))
    return false;

  // Skip for side effect instructions
  if (I->mayHaveSideEffects())
    return false;

  // Don't re-schedule instruction again.
  if (Scheduled.count(I)) {
    if (InsertPos && !isInstPrecede(I, InsertPos))
      InsertPos = I;
    return false;
  }

  bool Changed = false;

  // Try to schedule all its operands first.
  for (auto OI = I->op_begin(), OE = I->op_end(); OI != OE; ++OI)
    Changed |= safeScheduleUp(BB, OI->get(), InsertPos, Scheduled);

  // Mark this instruction `visited`.
  Scheduled.insert(I);

  // Skip if the instruction is already defined before insertion position.
  if (InsertPos && isInstPrecede(I, InsertPos))
    return Changed;

  // Schedule itself.
  if (InsertPos) {
    I->removeFromParent();
    I->insertAfter(InsertPos);
  }

  InsertPos = I;
  return true;
}

unsigned int GetthreadGroupSize(const Module &M, dim dimension) {
  unsigned int threadGroupSize = 0;
  GlobalVariable *pGlobal = nullptr;
  switch (dimension) {
  case ThreadGroupSize_X:
    pGlobal = M.getGlobalVariable("ThreadGroupSize_X");
    threadGroupSize =
        static_cast<unsigned int>((llvm::cast<llvm::ConstantInt>(pGlobal->getInitializer())->getZExtValue()));
    break;
  case ThreadGroupSize_Y:
    pGlobal = M.getGlobalVariable("ThreadGroupSize_Y");
    threadGroupSize =
        static_cast<unsigned int>((llvm::cast<llvm::ConstantInt>(pGlobal->getInitializer())->getZExtValue()));
    break;
  case ThreadGroupSize_Z:
    pGlobal = M.getGlobalVariable("ThreadGroupSize_Z");
    threadGroupSize =
        static_cast<unsigned int>((llvm::cast<llvm::ConstantInt>(pGlobal->getInitializer())->getZExtValue()));
    break;
  default:
    IGC_ASSERT(0);
    break;
  }
  return threadGroupSize;
}

void SetthreadGroupSize(llvm::Module &M, llvm::Constant *size, dim dimension) {
  llvm::GlobalVariable *pGlobal = nullptr;
  switch (dimension) {
  case ThreadGroupSize_X:
    pGlobal = M.getGlobalVariable("ThreadGroupSize_X");
    break;
  case ThreadGroupSize_Y:
    pGlobal = M.getGlobalVariable("ThreadGroupSize_Y");
    break;
  case ThreadGroupSize_Z:
    pGlobal = M.getGlobalVariable("ThreadGroupSize_Z");
    break;
  default:
    IGC_ASSERT(0);
    break;
  }
  pGlobal->setInitializer(size);
}

ConstantInt *getConstantSInt(IRBuilder<> &Builder, const int bitSize, int64_t val) {
  ConstantInt *res = nullptr;
  switch (bitSize) {
  case 8:
    res = Builder.getInt8((uint8_t)val);
    break;
  case 16:
    res = Builder.getInt16((uint16_t)val);
    break;
  case 32:
    res = Builder.getInt32((uint32_t)val);
    break;
  case 64:
    res = Builder.getInt64((uint64_t)val);
    break;
  default:
    IGC_ASSERT_MESSAGE(0, "invalid bitsize");
  }
  return res;
}

ConstantInt *getConstantUInt(IRBuilder<> &Builder, const int bitSize, uint64_t val) {
  ConstantInt *res = nullptr;
  switch (bitSize) {
  case 8:
    res = Builder.getInt8((uint8_t)val);
    break;
  case 16:
    res = Builder.getInt16((uint16_t)val);
    break;
  case 32:
    res = Builder.getInt32((uint32_t)val);
    break;
  case 64:
    res = Builder.getInt64(val);
    break;
  default:
    IGC_ASSERT_MESSAGE(0, "invalid bitsize");
  }
  return res;
}

// MulH implementation for 64-bit signed integers
Value *CreateMulhS64(IRBuilder<> &B, Value *const u, Value *const v) {
  // This comes from H.S. Warren's "Hacker's Delight", chap. 8-2, and was adapted for int64.
  ConstantInt *const loMask = getConstantSInt(B, 64, 0xFFFFFFFFll);
  ConstantInt *const hiShift = getConstantSInt(B, 64, 32);
  //
  // u64 u0 = u & 0xFFFFFFFF; s64 u1 = u >> 32;
  // u64 v0 = v & 0xFFFFFFFF; s64 v1 = v >> 32;
  Value *const u0 = B.CreateAnd(u, loMask, "u.lo32");
  Value *const u1 = B.CreateAShr(u, hiShift, "u.hi32");
  Value *const v0 = B.CreateAnd(v, loMask, "v.lo32");
  Value *const v1 = B.CreateAShr(v, hiShift, "v.hi32");
  //
  // w = u0*v0
  Value *const w0 = B.CreateMul(u0, v0, "w0");
  //
  // t = u1*v0 + (w0 >> 32)
  Value *const tLHS = B.CreateMul(u1, v0);
  Value *const tRHS = B.CreateLShr(w0, hiShift, "w0.lo32");
  Value *const t = B.CreateAdd(tLHS, tRHS, "t");
  //
  // w1 = u0*v1 + (t >> 32)
  Value *const u0v1 = B.CreateMul(u0, v1);
  Value *const tLO32 = B.CreateAnd(t, loMask, "t.lo32");
  Value *const w1 = B.CreateAdd(u0v1, tLO32, "w1");
  //
  // return u1*v1 + (t >> 32) + (w1 >> 32)
  Value *const u1v1 = B.CreateMul(u1, v1);
  Value *const tHI32 = B.CreateAShr(t, hiShift, "t.hi32");
  Value *const rLHS = B.CreateAdd(u1v1, tHI32);
  Value *const rRHS = B.CreateAShr(w1, hiShift, "w1.lo32");
  Value *const r = B.CreateAdd(rLHS, rRHS, "uv");
  //
  return r;
}

// MulH implementation for 64-bit unsigned integers
Value *CreateMulhU64(IRBuilder<> &B, Value *const u, Value *const v) {
  // This is the same as CreateMulhS64, but with all logical shifts.
  ConstantInt *const loMask = getConstantUInt(B, 64, 0xFFFFFFFFull);
  ConstantInt *const hiShift = getConstantUInt(B, 64, 32);
  //
  // u64 u0 = u & 0xFFFFFFFF, u1 = u >> 32;
  // u64 v0 = v & 0xFFFFFFFF, v1 = v >> 32;
  Value *const u0 = B.CreateAnd(u, loMask, "u.lo32");
  Value *const u1 = B.CreateLShr(u, hiShift, "u.hi32");
  Value *const v0 = B.CreateAnd(v, loMask, "v.lo32");
  Value *const v1 = B.CreateLShr(v, hiShift, "v.hi32");
  //
  // w0 = u0*v0
  Value *const w0 = B.CreateMul(u0, v0, "w0");
  //
  // t = u1*v0 + (w0 >> 32)
  Value *const tLHS = B.CreateMul(u1, v0);
  Value *const tRHS = B.CreateLShr(w0, hiShift, "w0.lo32");
  Value *const t = B.CreateAdd(tLHS, tRHS, "t");
  //
  // w1 = u0*v0 + (t >> 32)
  Value *const u0v1 = B.CreateMul(u0, v1);
  Value *const tLO32 = B.CreateAnd(t, loMask, "t.lo32");
  Value *const w1 = B.CreateAdd(u0v1, tLO32, "w1");
  //
  // w1 = u0*v1 + (t >> 32) + (w1 >> 32)
  Value *const u1v1 = B.CreateMul(u1, v1);
  Value *const tHI32 = B.CreateLShr(t, hiShift, "t.hi32");
  Value *const rLHS = B.CreateAdd(u1v1, tHI32);
  Value *const rRHS = B.CreateLShr(w1, hiShift, "w1.lo32");
  Value *const r = B.CreateAdd(rLHS, rRHS, "uv");
  //
  return r;
}

// MulH implementation for 32/64 bit integers
Value *CreateMulh(Function &F, IRBuilder<> &B, const bool isSigned, Value *const u, Value *const v) {
  Value *res = nullptr;
  IGC_ASSERT(nullptr != u);
  IGC_ASSERT(nullptr != u->getType());
  int bitWidth = u->getType()->getIntegerBitWidth();
  switch (bitWidth) {
  case 32: {
    // we have a dedicated machine instruction for 32b
    SmallVector<Value *, 2> imulhArgs;
    imulhArgs.push_back(u);
    imulhArgs.push_back(v);
    auto intrinsic = isSigned ? GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_imulH : GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_umulH;
    IGC_ASSERT(nullptr != v);
    Function *const iMulhDecl = llvm::GenISAIntrinsic::getDeclaration(F.getParent(), intrinsic, v->getType());
    res = B.CreateCall(iMulhDecl, imulhArgs, "q_appx");
    break;
  }
  case 64:
    // emulate via 64b arithmetic
    if (isSigned) {
      res = CreateMulhS64(B, u, v);
    } else {
      res = CreateMulhU64(B, u, v);
    }
    break;
  default:
    IGC_ASSERT_MESSAGE(0, "CreateMulH must be 32 or 64");
  }
  return res;
}

bool hasInlineAsmInFunc(llvm::Function &F) {
  for (auto ii = inst_begin(&F), ie = inst_end(&F); ii != ie; ii++) {
    if (llvm::CallInst *call = llvm::dyn_cast<llvm::CallInst>(&*ii)) {
      if (call->isInlineAsm()) {
        return true;
      }
    }
  }
  return false;
}

// Parses the "vector-variant" attribute string to get a valid function
// variant symbol string supported by current implementation of IGC.
//
// Returns a tuple of values:
// R(0) is the reformatted variant symbol string.
// R(1) is the called function's name.
// R(2) is the required SIMD size.
// See the spec for Intel Vector Function ABI for parsed symbol meanings.
std::tuple<std::string, std::string, unsigned> ParseVectorVariantFunctionString(llvm::StringRef varStr) {
  unsigned vlen = 0;
  std::stringstream outStr;

  auto pos = varStr.begin();
  auto strEnd = varStr.end();

  // Starts with _ZGV
  IGC_ASSERT(varStr.startswith("_ZGV"));
  outStr << "_ZGV";
  pos += 4;
  // ISA class target processor type
  IGC_ASSERT(*pos == 'x' || *pos == 'y' || *pos == 'Y' || *pos == 'z' || *pos == 'Z');
  outStr << *pos;
  pos++;
  // Mask or NoMask, only support NoMask for now
  IGC_ASSERT(*pos == 'M' || *pos == 'N');
  outStr << 'N';
  pos++;
  // Parse vector length (input can be 1/2/4/8/16/32, output restricted to 8/16/32)
  auto idStart = pos;
  while (*pos >= '0' && *pos <= '9')
    pos++;
  IGC_ASSERT(StringRef(idStart, pos - idStart).getAsInteger(10, vlen) == 0);
  IGC_ASSERT(vlen == 1 || vlen == 2 || vlen == 4 || vlen == 8 || vlen == 16 || vlen == 32);
  // Set min SIMD width to 8
  vlen = (vlen < 8) ? 8 : vlen;
  outStr << std::to_string(vlen);

  while (pos != strEnd) {
    // End of vector properties symbols terminated with '_'
    if (*pos == '_') {
      outStr << *pos++;
      break;
    }
    // Parameter variant type, only support default vector type
    IGC_ASSERT(*pos == 'l' || *pos == 'u' || *pos == 'v' || *pos == 'R' || *pos == 'U' || *pos == 'L');
    outStr << 'v';
    pos++;
    // Ignore alignment properties
    if (*pos == 'a') {
      pos++;
      while (*pos >= '0' && *pos <= '9')
        pos++;
    }
  }

  // Remaining characters form the function name
  std::string fName = StringRef(pos, strEnd - pos).str();

  return std::make_tuple(outStr.str(), fName, vlen);
}

///
/// Return base type from more complex type
///
/// Return nullptr if complex type cannot be defined with only one type
///
llvm::Type *GetBaseType(llvm::Type *ProcessedType, bool StructAsBaseOk) {
  while (ProcessedType->isArrayTy() || ProcessedType->isStructTy()) {
    if (ProcessedType->isArrayTy())
      ProcessedType = ProcessedType->getArrayElementType();
    else {
      if (ProcessedType->getStructNumElements() != 1) {
        if (StructAsBaseOk)
          return ProcessedType;
        return nullptr;
      }

      // 1-field struct is treated as a scalar.
      ProcessedType = ProcessedType->getStructElementType(0);
    }
  }

  return ProcessedType;
}

// Return true if all members of the given struct type are first-class
// scalar types.
bool isSimpleStructTy(StructType *STy, uint32_t EltBytes) {
  if (!STy->isSized())
    return false;
  for (Type *Ty : STy->elements()) {
    Type *eTy = Ty;
    if (StructType *st = dyn_cast<StructType>(eTy)) {
      return false;
      // if (!isSimpleStructTy(st, EltBytes))
      //     return false;
      // continue;
    }
    if (eTy->isArrayTy()) {
      eTy = eTy->getArrayElementType();
    }
    if (!eTy->isSingleValueType())
      return false;
    eTy = eTy->getScalarType();
    if (eTy->getPrimitiveSizeInBits() != (EltBytes * 8))
      return false;
  }
  return true;
}

// Function modifies address space in selected uses of given input value
void FixAddressSpaceInAllUses(llvm::Value *ptr, uint newAS, uint oldAS) {
  IGC_ASSERT(newAS != oldAS);

  for (auto UI = ptr->user_begin(), E = ptr->user_end(); UI != E; ++UI) {
    Instruction *inst = cast<Instruction>(*UI);
    PointerType *instType = nullptr;
    if (isa<BitCastInst>(inst) || isa<GetElementPtrInst>(inst) || isa<AddrSpaceCastInst>(inst) || isa<PHINode>(inst)) {
      instType = dyn_cast<PointerType>(inst->getType());
    }

    if (instType && instType->getAddressSpace() == oldAS) {
      PointerType *ptrType = IGCLLVM::get(dyn_cast<PointerType>(instType), newAS);
      inst->mutateType(ptrType);
      FixAddressSpaceInAllUses(inst, newAS, oldAS);
    }
  }
}

// This function generates code for sample or gather parameters combining.
// The first parameter is converted to unsigned integer value and copied
// into the `numBits` LSB of second param's mantissa.
// The function is used to combine:
// - LOD and AI params in sample_l and sample_l_c
// - BIAS and AI params in sample_b and sample_b_c
//  - LOD and AI in gather4_l
//  - BIAS and AI in gather4_b
//  - MLOD and R params in sample_d_c_mlod
Value *CombineSampleOrGather4Params(IRBuilder<> &builder,
                                    Value *param1,                 // first param to be copied into the second param
                                    Value *param2,                 // second parameter
                                    uint numBits,                  // number of bits to use to for the second param
                                    const std::string &param1Name, // debug name for the first param
                                    const std::string &param2Name) // debug name for the second param
{
  Value *maskHi = builder.getInt32((~(BITMASK(numBits))));

  Function *rdneFunc =
      GenISAIntrinsic::getDeclaration(builder.GetInsertBlock()->getModule(), GenISAIntrinsic::GenISA_ROUNDNE);
  // FPToUI cannot be used to avoid generation of a poison value in case of
  // the negative constant value. Such an approach is possible since
  // there is a protection against exceeding limits by param1.
  Value *intParam1 = builder.CreateFPToSI(builder.CreateCall(rdneFunc, param1), builder.getInt32Ty(),
                                          VALUE_NAME(std::string("_int") + param1Name));
  Value *minVal = builder.getInt32(0);
  Value *lowRangeCond = builder.CreateICmp(CmpInst::Predicate::ICMP_SGE, intParam1, minVal);
  Value *intParam1Lsb = builder.CreateSelect(lowRangeCond, intParam1, minVal);
  Value *maxVal = builder.getInt32(BITMASK(numBits));
  Value *highRangeCond = builder.CreateICmp(CmpInst::Predicate::ICMP_SLE, intParam1Lsb, maxVal);
  intParam1Lsb =
      builder.CreateSelect(highRangeCond, intParam1Lsb, maxVal, VALUE_NAME(intParam1->getName() + "ClampedLSB"));
  Value *param2Int = builder.CreateBitCast(param2, builder.getInt32Ty(), VALUE_NAME(param2Name + "Int"));
  Value *param2IntMsb = builder.CreateAnd(param2Int, maskHi, VALUE_NAME(intParam1->getName() + "MSB"));
  return builder.CreateBitCast(builder.CreateOr(intParam1Lsb, param2IntMsb), builder.getFloatTy(),
                               VALUE_NAME(param1Name + param2Name + "Combined"));
};

std::pair<Value *, unsigned int> GetURBBaseAndOffset(Value *pUrbOffset) {
  Value *pBase = pUrbOffset;
  unsigned int offset = 0;

  auto GetConstant = [](Value *pVal) -> unsigned int {
    IGC_ASSERT(isa<ConstantInt>(pVal));
    ConstantInt *pConst = cast<ConstantInt>(pVal);
    return int_cast<unsigned int>(pConst->getZExtValue());
  };

  if (isa<ConstantInt>(pUrbOffset)) {
    Value *pNullBase = nullptr;
    return std::make_pair(pNullBase, GetConstant(pUrbOffset));
  } else if (isa<Instruction>(pUrbOffset)) {
    Instruction *pInstr = cast<Instruction>(pUrbOffset);
    if (pInstr->getOpcode() == Instruction::Add) {
      Value *src0 = pInstr->getOperand(0);
      Value *src1 = pInstr->getOperand(1);
      if (isa<ConstantInt>(src1)) {
        auto baseAndOffset = GetURBBaseAndOffset(src0);
        pBase = baseAndOffset.first;
        offset = GetConstant(src1) + baseAndOffset.second;
      } else if (isa<ConstantInt>(src0)) {
        auto baseAndOffset = GetURBBaseAndOffset(src1);
        pBase = baseAndOffset.first;
        offset = GetConstant(src0) + baseAndOffset.second;
      }
    } else if (pInstr->getOpcode() == Instruction::Or) {
      // Examples of patterns matched below:
      // 1. shl + or
      //    urbOffset = urbOffset << 1;
      //    urbOffset = urbOffset | 1;
      // 2. mul + or
      //    urbOffset = urbOffset * 2;
      //    urbOffset = urbOffset | 1;
      // 3. two oword urb writes in loop
      //    urbOffset = urbOffset * 2;
      //    for(...) {
      //      {...}
      //      urbOffset = urbOffset | 1;
      //      urbOffset = urbOffset + 2;
      //      {...}
      //    }
      //
      //

      std::function<unsigned int(Value *)> GetAlignment = [&GetAlignment,
                                                           &GetConstant](Value *pUrbOffset) -> unsigned int {
        unsigned int alignment = 1;
        Instruction *pInstr = dyn_cast<Instruction>(pUrbOffset);
        if (pInstr && pInstr->getOpcode() == Instruction::Shl && isa<ConstantInt>(pInstr->getOperand(1))) {
          alignment = GetAlignment(pInstr->getOperand(0)) * (1u << GetConstant(pInstr->getOperand(1)));
        } else if (pInstr && pInstr->getOpcode() == Instruction::Mul && isa<ConstantInt>(pInstr->getOperand(1)) &&
                   iSTD::IsPowerOfTwo(GetConstant(pInstr->getOperand(1)))) {
          alignment = GetAlignment(pInstr->getOperand(0)) * GetConstant(pInstr->getOperand(1));
        } else if (pInstr && pInstr->getOpcode() == Instruction::Mul && isa<ConstantInt>(pInstr->getOperand(0)) &&
                   iSTD::IsPowerOfTwo(GetConstant(pInstr->getOperand(0)))) {
          alignment = GetAlignment(pInstr->getOperand(1)) * GetConstant(pInstr->getOperand(0));
        } else if (isa<ConstantInt>(pUrbOffset)) {
          alignment = 1 << iSTD::bsf(GetConstant(pUrbOffset));
        }
        return alignment;
      };

      Value *src0 = pInstr->getOperand(0);
      Value *src1 = pInstr->getOperand(1);
      unsigned int alignment = 1;
      if (isa<PHINode>(src0) && isa<ConstantInt>(src1)) {
        // pattern 3
        PHINode *pPhi = cast<PHINode>(src0);
        alignment = std::numeric_limits<unsigned int>::max();
        for (unsigned int i = 0; i < pPhi->getNumIncomingValues(); i++) {
          Instruction *pIncoming = dyn_cast<Instruction>(pPhi->getIncomingValue(i));
          if (pIncoming && pIncoming->getOpcode() == Instruction::Add && pPhi == pIncoming->getOperand(0) &&
              isa<ConstantInt>(pIncoming->getOperand(1)) && iSTD::IsPowerOfTwo(GetConstant(pIncoming->getOperand(1)))) {
            alignment = std::min(alignment, GetConstant(pIncoming->getOperand(1)));
          } else {
            alignment = std::min(alignment, GetAlignment(pPhi->getIncomingValue(i)));
          }
        }
      } else {
        // patterns 1 and 2
        alignment = GetAlignment(src0);
      }
      if (alignment > GetConstant(src1)) {
        IGC_ASSERT(iSTD::IsPowerOfTwo(alignment));
        pBase = src0;
        offset = GetConstant(src1);
      }
    }
  }

  return std::make_pair(pBase, offset);
}

std::vector<std::pair<unsigned int, std::string>> GetPrintfStrings(Module &M) {
  std::vector<std::pair<unsigned int, std::string>> printfStrings;
  std::string MDNodeName = "printf.strings";
  NamedMDNode *printfMDNode = M.getOrInsertNamedMetadata(MDNodeName);

  for (uint i = 0, NumStrings = printfMDNode->getNumOperands(); i < NumStrings; i++) {
    MDNode *argMDNode = printfMDNode->getOperand(i);
    ConstantInt *indexOpndVal = mdconst::extract<ConstantInt>(argMDNode->getOperand(0));
    MDString *stringOpndVal = dyn_cast<MDString>(argMDNode->getOperand(1));

    printfStrings.push_back({int_cast<unsigned int>(indexOpndVal->getZExtValue()), stringOpndVal->getString().data()});
  }

  return printfStrings;
}

bool PDT_dominates(llvm::PostDominatorTree &PTD, const Instruction *I1, const Instruction *I2) {
  IGC_ASSERT_MESSAGE(I1, "Expecting valid I1 and I2");
  IGC_ASSERT_MESSAGE(I2, "Expecting valid I1 and I2");

  const BasicBlock *BB1 = I1->getParent();
  const BasicBlock *BB2 = I2->getParent();

  if (BB1 != BB2)
    return PTD.dominates(BB1, BB2);

  // PHINodes in a block are unordered.
  if (isa<PHINode>(I1) && isa<PHINode>(I2))
    return false;

  // Loop through the basic block until we find I1 or I2.
  BasicBlock::const_iterator I = BB1->begin();
  for (; &*I != I1 && &*I != I2; ++I)
    /*empty*/;

  return &*I == I2;
}

// Mimic LLVM functions:
//   RecursivelyDeleteTriviallyDeadInstructions()
// The difference is that the input here are dead instructions and
// are not necessarily trivially dead. For example, store instruction.
void RecursivelyDeleteDeadInstructions(Instruction *I, const TargetLibraryInfo *TLI, MemorySSAUpdater *MSSAU,
                                       const std::function<void(Value *)> &AboutToDeleteCallback) {
  SmallVector<Instruction *, 16> DeadInsts;
  DeadInsts.push_back(I);
  RecursivelyDeleteDeadInstructions(DeadInsts, TLI, MSSAU, AboutToDeleteCallback);
}

void RecursivelyDeleteDeadInstructions(const SmallVectorImpl<Instruction *> &DeadInsts, const TargetLibraryInfo *TLI,
                                       MemorySSAUpdater *MSSAU,
                                       const std::function<void(Value *)> &AboutToDeleteCallback) {
  SmallVector<WeakTrackingVH, 16> trivialDeadInsts;
  for (auto II : DeadInsts) {
    Instruction &I = *II;
    IGC_ASSERT(I.use_empty() && "Instructions with uses are not dead.");

    // Don't lose the debug info while deleting the instructions.
    salvageDebugInfo(I);

    // Null out all of the instruction's operands to see if any operand becomes
    // dead as we go.
    for (Use &OpU : I.operands()) {
      Value *OpV = OpU.get();
      OpU.set(nullptr);

      if (!OpV->use_empty())
        continue;

      // If the operand is an instruction that became dead as we nulled
      // out the operand, and if it is 'trivially' dead, invoking llvm
      // function to delete it.
      if (Instruction *OpI = dyn_cast<Instruction>(OpV))
        if (llvm::isInstructionTriviallyDead(OpI, TLI))
          trivialDeadInsts.push_back(OpI);
    }
    if (MSSAU)
      MSSAU->removeMemoryAccess(&I);

    I.eraseFromParent();
  }

  if (!trivialDeadInsts.empty()) {
    RecursivelyDeleteTriviallyDeadInstructions(trivialDeadInsts, TLI, MSSAU, AboutToDeleteCallback);
  }
}

bool SeparateSpillAndScratch(const CodeGenContext *ctx) {
  bool separate = false;
  if (ctx->m_DriverInfo.supportsSeparatingSpillAndPrivateScratchMemorySpace())
    separate = !ctx->getModuleMetaData()->disableSeparateSpillPvtScratchSpace;
  else
    separate = ctx->getModuleMetaData()->enableSeparateSpillPvtScratchSpace;

  return (ctx->platform.hasScratchSurface() && separate &&
          !(ctx->platform.hasEfficient64bEnabled() && ctx->platform.has16MBPerThreadScratchSpace() &&
            ctx->m_DriverInfo.supports16MBPerThreadScratchSpace()));
}

bool UsedWithoutImmInMemInst(Value *varOffset) {
  // If varOffset was used as the bare base operand for a load/store/ldraw/ldraw_vector/storeraw/storeraw_vector
  // then it must be positive.
  for (auto *user : varOffset->users()) {
    if (auto *loadInst = dyn_cast<LoadInst>(user)) {
      if (loadInst->getOperand(0) == varOffset) {
        return true;
      }
    } else if (auto *storeInst = dyn_cast<StoreInst>(user)) {
      if (storeInst->getOperand(1) == varOffset) {
        return true;
      }
    } else if (auto *genInst = dyn_cast<GenIntrinsicInst>(user)) {
      if (genInst->getOperand(1) == varOffset) {
        return true;
      }
    }
  }

  return false;
}

// Payload header is 8xi32 kernel argument packing 3xi32 global offset.
// This function controls if payload header can be replaced with direct
// use of global offset.
bool AllowShortImplicitPayloadHeader(const CodeGenContext *ctx) {
  const IGC::TriboolFlag value = static_cast<TriboolFlag>(IGC_GET_FLAG_VALUE(ShortImplicitPayloadHeader));

  if (value != TriboolFlag::Default)
    return value == TriboolFlag::Enabled;

  if (ctx->type == ShaderType::OPENCL_SHADER) {
    auto *OCLCtx = static_cast<const OpenCLProgramContext *>(ctx);
    if (OCLCtx->m_InternalOptions.PromoteStatelessToBindless && OCLCtx->m_InternalOptions.UseBindlessLegacyMode)
      return false;
  }

  return ctx->platform.isCoreChildOf(IGFX_XE_HP_CORE);
}

bool AllowRemovingUnusedImplicitArguments(const CodeGenContext *ctx) {
  const IGC::TriboolFlag value = static_cast<TriboolFlag>(IGC_GET_FLAG_VALUE(RemoveUnusedIdImplicitArguments));

  if (value != TriboolFlag::Default)
    return value == TriboolFlag::Enabled;

  if (ctx->type == ShaderType::OPENCL_SHADER) {
    auto *OCLCtx = static_cast<const OpenCLProgramContext *>(ctx);
    if (OCLCtx->m_InternalOptions.PromoteStatelessToBindless && OCLCtx->m_InternalOptions.UseBindlessLegacyMode)
      return false;
  }

  return ctx->platform.isCoreChildOf(IGFX_XE_HP_CORE);
}

bool AllowRemovingUnusedImplicitLocalIDs(const CodeGenContext *ctx) {
  const IGC::TriboolFlag value = static_cast<TriboolFlag>(IGC_GET_FLAG_VALUE(RemoveUnusedIdImplicitLocalIDs));

  if (value != TriboolFlag::Default)
    return value == TriboolFlag::Enabled;

  if (ctx->type == ShaderType::OPENCL_SHADER) {
    auto *OCLCtx = static_cast<const OpenCLProgramContext *>(ctx);
    if (OCLCtx->m_InternalOptions.PromoteStatelessToBindless && OCLCtx->m_InternalOptions.UseBindlessLegacyMode)
      return false;
  }

  return false;
}

} // namespace IGC
